„Echte Sportler“ — „Gute Soldaten“     

Klaus Cachay  Steffen Bahlke  Helmut Mehl  Michael Krüger 《Sportwissenschaft》2002,32(3):339-344

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Letter to the editor     

Helmut Schwarzer 《Publishing Research Quarterly》1988,4(1):77-77

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A comment upon Fordism in distance education in relation to the reunification process in Germany     

Helmut Fritsch 《Distance Education》1995,16(2):302-308

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Sprache und Sprechen im Sport     

Helmut Digel  E. Hildenbrandt 《Sportwissenschaft》1978,8(4):432-437

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Model-based testing with UML applied to a roaming algorithm for Bluetooth devices     

Zhen?Ru?DaiEmail author  Jens?Grabowski  Helmut?Neukirchen  Holger?Pals 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2004,5(11):1327-1335

In late 2001,the Object Management Group issued a Request for Proposal to develop a testing profile for UML2.0. In June 2003,the work on the UML 2.0 Testing Profile was finally adopted by the OMG. Since March 2004,it has become an official standard of the OMG. The UML 2.0 Testing Profile provides support for UML based model-driven testing. This paper introduces a methodology on how to use the testing profile in order to modify and extend an existing UML design model for test issues. The application of the methodology will be explained by applying it to an existing UML Model for a Bluetooth device.  相似文献   

Negative Knowledge: Understanding Professional Learning and Expertise     

Martin Gartmeier  Johannes Bauer  Hans Gruber  Helmut Heid 《Vocations and Learning》2008,1(2):87-103

In this paper, we critically analyze how the concept of negative knowledge contributes to the understanding of professionals’ expert practice and learning. Negative knowledge is experientially acquired knowledge about what is wrong and what is to be avoided during performance in a given work situation. In terms of its theoretical foundation, the concept relates to constructivist theorization and metacognition. Building on existing conceptions of negative knowledge, we systematically relate the concept to research on expertise and learning from errors. The concept of negative knowledge augments existing theories of professional knowledge by emphasizing knowing about what to avoid as part of experts’ effective actions. During routine actions, negative knowledge enhances professionals’ certainty of how to proceed and increases the efficacy through the avoidance of impasses and suboptimal problem-solving strategies. Quality and depth of reflective processes after actions are related to the development of negative knowledge. The potential of negative knowledge for the investigation of professional learning is discussed through reference to recent empirical work. Re-submitted for publication in: Vocations and Learning: Studies in Vocational and Professional Education.  相似文献   

Remarks on the history of foundations and their role in the promotion of learning     

Coing H 《Minerva》1981,19(2):271-281

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Negative expertise: comparing differently tenured elder care nurses' negative knowledge     

Martin Gartmeier  Erno Lehtinen  Hans Gruber  Helmut Heid 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2011,26(2):273-300

Negative expertise is conceptualised as the professional's ability to avoid errors during practice due to certain cognitive agencies. In this study, negative knowledge (i.e. knowledge about what is wrong in a certain context and situation) is conceptualised as one such agency. This study compares and investigates the negative knowledge of elder care nurses at three different levels of professional experience. Thereby, various forms of negative knowledge—declarative, procedural, self-reflective and vicarious—are investigated. Moreover, the specificity of negative knowledge is compared across different levels of professional experience. Verbal data was collected from a prompting task study of 37 elder care nurses. These were prompted 20 diagnoses of varying typicality for the professional field. The nurses were asked what was critical to pay attention to and what ought to be avoided in case of these diagnoses. The study's results reveal a significant superiority of highly tenured elder care nurses in vicarious negative knowledge, as well as in highly specified negative knowledge. Procedural and procedural negative knowledge (PNK)—which are the most important facets in quantitative terms—show an approximately parallel developmental pattern among the different groups. For declarative knowledge, a U-shaped intermediate effect was discovered. It is concluded that PNK has the most immediate error-preventive function. With regards to future research, the great specificity of highly tenured elder care nurses' negative knowledge discovered in this study is discussed here as one possible explanation as to why they are able to intentionally avoid errors (i.e. their negative expertise).  相似文献   

Is too much help an obstacle? Effects of interactivity and cognitive style on learning with dynamic versus non-dynamic visualizations with narrative explanations     

Koć-Januchta  Marta M.  Höffler  Tim N.  Prechtl  Helmut  Leutner  Detlev 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2020,68(6):2971-2990

Educational technology research and development - The aim of this study was to investigate the role of visual/verbal cognitive style and interactivity level in dynamic and non-dynamic multimedia...  相似文献   

The consequences of dissent: Sociological reflections on the controversy of the low dose effects     

Helga Nowotny  Helmut Hirsch 《Research Policy》1980,9(3):278-294

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