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11.
AbstractThis study sought to explore the implications for individuals who experienced awe while in the presence of wildlife. A conceptual framework was adapted that integrated the theory of emotional learning with experiential learning theory. In-depth interviews brought into focus the resultant learning stemming from experiences of wildlife-inspired awe. Learning manifested through pro-environmental and prosocial behaviors in which participants’ career choices were affected as well as their advocacy for pro-environmental behaviors within their community of friends and family. In the process of chronicling participants’ stories, we developed a better understanding of the ways in which people make sense of and ultimately learn from experiences of wildlife-inspired awe. 相似文献
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Debugging is an over-looked component in K-12 computational thinking education. Few K-12 programming environments are designed to teach debugging, and most debugging research were conducted on college-aged students. In this paper, we presented debugging exercises to 6th–8th grade students and analyzed their problem solving behaviors in a programming game – BOTS. Apart from the perspective of prior literature, we identified student behaviors in relation to problem solving stages, and correlated these behaviors with student prior programming experience and performance. We found that in our programming game, debugging required deeper understanding than writing new codes. We also found that problem solving behaviors were significantly correlated with students’ self-explanation quality, number of code edits, and prior programming experience. This study increased our understanding of younger students’ problem solving behavior, and provided actionable suggestions to the future design of debugging exercises in BOTS and similar environments. 相似文献
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O. L. Davis Jr. Linda Clayton Hicks Norman D. Bowers 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(3):22-25
Methodological problems, have limited the usefulness of findings from experiments into learning by discovery. By using programmed instruction materials, a within-class design, and other controls, an attempt was made to remove confounding. Two tasks were used: concept learning and principle learning. For each task, a separate 2x2x2 factorial design containing sixteen Ss in each cell was used. Independent variables were instructional method (egrule and ruleg), school grade (9 and 5), and intelligence (high and average). A set of eight different measures, involving retention, transfer, and ease of relearning, was used for each task. It was found that the egrule and ruleg methods did not differ significantly, and that interaction between instructional method and the other variables was low. 相似文献
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The tension between equity and excellence is fundamental in science policy. This tension might appear to be resolved through
the use of merit-based evaluation as a criterion for research funding. This is not the case. Merit-based decision making alone
is insufficient because of inequality aversion, a fundamental tendency of people to avoid extremely unequal distributions.
The distribution of performance in science is extremely unequal, and no decision maker with the power to establish a distribution
of public money would dare to match the level of inequality in research performance. We argue that decision makers who increase
concentration of resources because they accept that research resources should be distributed according to merit probably implement
less inequality than would be justified by differences in research performance. Here we show that the consequences are likely
to be suppression of incentives for the very best scientists. The consequences for the performance of a national research
system may be substantial. Decision makers are unaware of the issue, as they operate with distributional assumptions of normality
that guide our everyday intuitions. 相似文献
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40 dyslexic subjects were given a version of the Stroop test and the magnitude of interference was plotted as a function of reading age as measured by the British Ability Scale. A negative linear relationship emerged, such that greater reading proficiency was associated with less interference. This result is discussed in the context of LaBerge and Samuel's theory of automatic information processing in reading. 相似文献