Social Capital in a Community Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Individual- and Community-Level Predictors of Social Trust     

Douglas Blanks Hindman  Masahiro Yamamoto 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):838-856

The community structural pluralism model represents the earliest and most enduring research program to conceptualize media effects within a community context. The model, which has intellectual roots in social theory concerned with the impact of population size and density on human interaction, is relevant to the resurgence of interest in multilevel analysis in media research, particularly research regarding the media effects on indicators of social capital such as social trust. The present study uses multilevel modeling to test the linear development model (Berry & Kasarda, 1977 Berry , B. , & Kasarda , J. ( 1977 ). Contemporary urban ecology . New York , NY : Macmillan . [Google Scholar]) which predicts that community structural pluralism would be negatively associated with individual-level social trust, even while controlling for individual-level predictors including media use and length of residence. Using survey data from 21 communities included in the 2001 Social Capital Community Benchmark Study, the analysis includes a rigorous test of the community structural pluralism model by determining whether the relationship between media use and social trust varies across communities. In support of the linear development model, community structural pluralism was negatively associated with social trust even while controlling for individual-level predictors. Additional findings that challenge traditional assumptions about the role of social trust in political participation are discussed.  相似文献   

METHOD AND EFFECTIVENESS OF AN INDIVIDUALIZED EXERCISE OF FUNDAMENTAL MATHEMATICS     

Takayoshi Yoshioka  Hitoshi Nishizawa  Takehiko Tsukamoto 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(5-6):373-378

This article describes a method used to provide mathematics students in colleges of engineering in Japan with supplementary exercises to aid in their learning. The impact of this effort is also described. An online support function enables instructional personnel to individualize the exercise for students whose abilities vary widely. Individualizing exercises helps students to understand a mathematical method used to solve a problem and also the mathematical idea or concept upon which the method is based. The program described here consists of activities that supplement those in the regular lesson. They are designed to help those students who failed to meet certain course objectives or to solve the problems given in the lesson. Students using the individualized program are allowed to select the problems from among the problem exercises available based on the course objectives that they have not yet satisfied. The online support function of the learning environment that the authors developed assists teaching personnel in the otherwise time-consuming preparation of individualizing these activities. Students determine how well they did on the objectives in the regular lesson by visting the Web page for the course. Information is provided on the impact of the activities on student performance in a fundamental mathematics course in the authors college.  相似文献   

Teaching as a Life of Creation: Introduction     

Kaoru Yamamoto 《The Educational forum》2013,77(2):103-105

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Farewell     

Kaoru Yamamoto 《The Educational forum》2013,77(4):327-328

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Editorial Board Page     

Kaoru Yamamoto 《The Educational forum》2013,77(3)

This article has no abstract  相似文献   

Reflections from the Desert     

Kaoru Yamamoto 《The Educational forum》2013,77(3)

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Editorial Board Page     

Kaoru Yamamoto 《The Educational forum》2013,77(1)

This article has no abstract  相似文献   

Creativity and norm conformity in fifth grade children     

K Yamamoto  C T Genovese 《Exceptional children》1965,32(4):257-258

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Sense-impression responses to differing pictorial and verbal stimuli   总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0  

Whitfield Bourisseau  O. L. Davis  Kaoru Yamamoto 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1965,13(3):249-258

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Downhill walking training with and without exercise-induced muscle damage similarly increase knee extensor strength     

Sumiaki Maeo  Masayoshi Yamamoto  Hiroaki Kanehisa 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2018-2026

This study examined whether avoiding or experiencing exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) influences strength gain after downhill walking training. Healthy young males performed treadmill downhill walking (gradient: ?28%, velocity: 5 km · h^?1 and load: 10% of body mass) 1 session per week for four weeks using either a ramp-up protocol (n = 16), where exercise duration was gradually increased from 10 to 30, 50 and 70 min over four sessions, or a constant protocol (n = 14), where exercise duration was 40 min for all four sessions. Indirect markers of EIMD were measured throughout the training period. Maximal knee extension torque in eccentric (?1.05 rad·s^?1), isometric and concentric (1.05 rad·s^?1) conditions were measured at pre- and post-training. The ramp-up group showed no indications of EIMD throughout the training period (e.g., plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity: always <185 U · L^?1) while EIMD was evident after the first session in the constant group (CK: peak 485 U · L^?1). Both groups significantly increased maximal knee extension torque in all conditions with greater gains in eccentric (ramp-up: +19%, constant: +21%) than isometric (+16%, +15%) and concentric (+12%, +10%) strength without any significant group-difference. The current results suggest that EIMD can be avoided by the ramp-up protocol and is not a major determinant of training-induced strength gain.  相似文献