Object‐Oriented Performance Improvement     

Ian Douglas  Scott P. Schaffer 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》2002,15(3):81-93

In this paper, a framework to support an object‐oriented approach to performance analysis is described. The framework includes the use of collaboration, automation, visual modeling, and reusable repositories of analysis knowledge. The need for a new framework is related to the increasing concern with the cost effectiveness of student and employee development. Efforts to improve the return‐on‐investment in such development have been hindered by a craft orientation to the design and construction of learning and performance support materials. One solution to this problem has been to enhance the reuse of such materials. Rather than build every new system from scratch in a craft‐oriented manner, it is envisioned that systems will be constructed largely of standardized, reusable objects shared through Web‐based repositories. Currently, the main focus is on the technological framework necessary for an object‐based approach to learning system development. There appears to be little consideration of the changes in analysis and design thinking required for the move towards object‐based systems. Such systems should still be required to be directly linked to performance problems and opportunities at both the organizational and individual system levels.  相似文献   

高水平教练员获取科研成果的途径     

Ian Reade  Wandy Rodgers  Nathan Hall  王磊 《中国体育教练员》2009,17(1)

为保持优秀运动员的运动优势,高水平教练员必须不断提高自身的知识水平和结构.但体育科研在运动成绩中所占的比重及科研成果向教练员传递的有效机制,我们还了解甚少.  相似文献   

Child extrafamilial sexual abuse: predicting parent and child functioning     

Ian Manion  Philip Firestone  Paula Cloutier  Malgorzata Ligezinska  Joanne McIntyre  Ron Ensom 《Child abuse & neglect》1998,22(12)

Objective: This study evaluated the emotional and behavioral adjustment of parents and children within 3 months and 1 year after the discovery of child extrafamilial sexual abuse.Method: Ninety-two case parents (63 mothers, 29 fathers) and 56 children were compared to a nonclinical comparison group of 136 parents (74 mothers, 62 fathers) and 75 children. Parent adjustment was assessed using self-report measures while child functioning was assessed using a combination of child-, parent- and teacher-report measures.Results: Mothers, fathers and sexually abused children experienced clinically significant effects both initially and at 12 months post-disclosure. Children’s perceptions of self-blame and guilt for the abuse and the extent of traumatization predicted their self-reported symtomatology at 3 months and 1 year post-disclosure. Child age and gender also significantly contributed to the prediction of many of the child outcome measures. No abuse-related variable was related to any child self-report measure. Mothers’ satisfaction in the parenting role, perceived support and intrusive symptoms predicted their initial emotional functioning. Avoidant symptoms, child’s internalizing behavior and mothers’ initial emotional functioning were significant predictors of longer-term emotional functioning.Conclusions: Results emphasize the need to address children’s abuse-related attributions and underscore the need to expand our focus beyond the child victims to the traumatized families.  相似文献   

Radical Constructivism. Ernst von Glasersfeld.     

Ian Stevenson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1998,35(1):93-104

Radical Constructivism is currently a very influencial view in mathematics education. This paper examines its philosophical roots through a review of the book Radical Constructivism by Ernst von Glasersfeld. It begins by describing the structure of the book, and then considers a number of philosophical issues raised by the book. The paper concludes with some reflections on the relationship between philosophy and mathematics education which the book provoked.  相似文献   

Time-optimal Control Systems with Norm Constraints on State Variables at Intermediate Times     

Koichi Mizukami  Jun Neyama  Ian McCausland 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1974,297(1):17-28

The problem of time-optimal control systems with both norm constraints on control inputs and on state variables at discrete intermediate times is formulated as an L-problem in the theory of moments. The simplex method is used for solving a nonlinear minimizing problem inherent in the functional analysis solution to this latter problem. Numerical results are presented for a train operation.  相似文献   

Associatively mediated stopping: Training stimulus-specific inhibitory control     

William A. Bowditch  Frederick Verbruggen  Ian P. L. McLaren 《Learning & behavior》2016,44(2):162-174

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Is there an optimum number needed to retrieve to justify inclusion of a database in a systematic review search?          下载免费PDF全文

Amanda Ross‐White  Christina Godfrey 《Health information and libraries journal》2017,34(3):217-224

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Letter from the editor     

Ian R. Dobson 《Journal of Higher Education Policy & Management》2016,38(5)

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Towards a meta-research agenda in science and enviormental educaion     

Ian Robottom  Paul Hart 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):591-605

Abstract

This paper begins by establishing the existence of a debate in the broader educational community about the nature, meaning and significance of educational research, and its recognition that different approaches to educational research do not simply represent different strategies for data collection but rest on and express different ideologies that implicate different political attitudes among teachers, students, subject‐matters,schools, support agencies and researchers themselves. Evidence can be seen that this debate is beginning to appear in the science education literature and it is believed that the arguments can be extended.

It is argued that research in science education and environmental education needs to consider methodology in the political terms of ideology, rather than simply in the technical terms of method and technique. Some of the recent thinking about the politics of method in both science education and environmental education, is then considered briefly and a number of meta‐research questions are proffered that might focus further attention on the political theory of research in these two fields.  相似文献   

Developing,Evaluating and Demonstrating the Use of a Conceptual Survey in Mechanical Waves     

Apisit Tongchai  Ian D. Johnston  Kwan Arayathanitkul  Chernchok Soankwan 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(18):2437-2457

An understanding of mechanical waves is a pre‐requisite for the study of many topics in advanced physics, and indeed in many other disciplines. There have been many research studies in mechanical waves, all of which have revealed that students have trouble with the basic concepts. Therefore, in order for teachers to prepare appropriate instruction for their classes, it is useful to diagnose their students' conceptions—if possible before they enter class. It is for this purpose that many diagnostic instruments have been developed, often in the form of multiple‐choice tests. In this study, we have used the open‐ended Wave Diagnostic Test to develop a multiple‐choice conceptual survey in an evolutionary manner. The two‐year development procedure included open‐ended surveys and interviews involving 299 Thai students and 88 Australian students. The final version, called the Mechanical Waves Conceptual Survey, has been administered to 632 Australian students from high school to second‐year university and 270 Thai high school students. Standard statistical analyses show that the survey is reliable and valid. Further validity checks, including consultation with experts, were also carried out. The survey has four subtopics—propagation, superposition, reflection, and standing waves—and the teachers can choose the subtopics relevant for their students. In this paper we also demonstrate the use of a typical survey question to test students' conceptual understanding and identify common alternative conceptions.  相似文献