The Effect of Planetariums on Teaching Specific Astronomy Concepts     

Cumhur Türk  Hüseyin Kalkan 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2015,24(1):1-15

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What characterizes children nominated as gifted by teachers? A closer consideration of working memory and intelligence     

Jessica Kornmann  Ingo Zettler  Yvonne Kammerer  Peter Gerjets  Ulrich Trautwein 《High Ability Studies》2015,26(1):75-92

Teacher nominations are often used in school settings to identify gifted children. However, although high intelligence is part of almost all definitions of giftedness, prior research has consistently shown that not all children nominated as gifted by teachers have high intelligence. In order to further understand the characteristics of these students, we herein explore the role of another cognitive construct, namely working memory (WM). In a sample comprising N = 81 fourth graders, both WM and intelligence showed the same predictive value for characterizing teacher-nominated gifted children, pointing to the importance of the thus-far-unattended WM for characterizing these students.  相似文献   

Differential effects of reading trainings on reading processes: a comparison in Grade 2     

Bettina?MüllerEmail author  Axel?Mayer  Tobias?Richter  Ana?Kri?an  Teresa?Hecht  Marco?Ennemoser 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2015,18(3):489-512

Phonics, fluency, and reading strategy trainings are evidence-based interventions that foster the reading skills of poor readers in primary school. The purpose of the present study was to compare differential effects of the three types of trainings on the efficiency of component processes on word, sentence, and text level immediately after the training and at a 3-month follow-up. The 235 poor readers were randomly allocated to one of the reading interventions or to a control condition. All interventions consisted of 25 sessions that were scheduled twice a week and lasted 45 min. Results indicated short-term effects of the phonics training and the strategy training on the efficiency of a broad range of word-level and sentence-level processes. None of the treatment effects persisted over the long term, indicating the need for instructional efforts to regularly practice the acquired skills after the actual training.  相似文献   

Parent–adolescent interaction quality and adolescent affect—An experience sampling study on effect heterogeneity     

Anne Bülow  Eeske van Roekel  Savannah Boele  Jaap J. A. Denissen  Loes Keijsers 《Child development》2022,93(3):e315-e331

Person–environment interactions might ultimately drive longer term development. This experience sampling study (Data collection: 2019/20 the Netherlands) assessed short-term linkages between parent–adolescent interaction quality and affect during 2281 interactions of 124 adolescents (M_age = 15.80, SD_age = 1.69, 59% girls, 92% Dutch, Education: 25% low, 31% middle, 35% high, 9% other). Adolescents reported on parent–adolescent interaction quality (i.e., warmth and conflict) and momentary positive and negative affect five to six times a day, for 14 days. Preregistered dynamic structural equation models (DSEM) revealed within-family associations between parent–adolescent interaction quality and adolescent affect (concurrently: r = −.22 to .39; lagged effects: ß = −.17 to .15). These effects varied significantly between families. These findings stress the need for more person-specific research on parenting processes.  相似文献   

Infant vocalizing and phenotypic outcomes in autism: Evidence from the first 2 years     

Samantha Plate  Lisa Yankowitz  Leslie Resorla  Meghan R. Swanson  Shoba Sreenath Meera  Annette Estes  Natasha Marrus  Meredith Cola  Victoria Petrulla  Aubrey Faggen  Juhi Pandey  Sarah Paterson  John R. Pruett Jr.  Heather Hazlett  Stephen Dager  Tanya St. John  Kelly Botteron  Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  Joseph Piven  Robert T. Schultz  Julia Parish-Morris  IBIS Network 《Child development》2022,93(2):468-483

Infant vocalizations are early-emerging communicative markers shown to be atypical in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but few longitudinal, prospective studies exist. In this study, 23,850 infant vocalizations from infants at low (LR)- and high (HR)-risk for ASD (HR-ASD = 23, female = 3; HR-Neg = 35, female = 13; LR = 32, female = 10; 80% White; collected from 2007 to 2017 near Philadelphia) were analyzed at 6, 12, and 24 months. At 12 months, HR-ASD infants produced fewer vocalizations than HR-Neg infants. From 6 to 24 months, HR-Neg infants demonstrated steeper vocalization growth compared to HR-ASD and LR infants. Finally, among HR infants, vocalizing at 12 months was associated with language, social phenotype, and diagnosis at age 2. Infant vocalizing is an objective behavioral marker that could facilitate earlier detection of ASD.  相似文献   

Noticing and weighing alternatives in the reflection of regular classroom teaching: Evidence of expertise using mobile eye-tracking     

Keller  Lena  Cortina  Kai S.  Müller  Katharina  Miller  Kevin F. 《Instructional Science》2022,50(2):251-272

Instructional videos are widely used to study teachers’ professional vision. A new technological development in video research is mobile eye-tracking (MET). It has the potential to provide fine-grained insights into teachers’ professional vision in action, but has yet been scarcely employed. We addressed this research gap by using MET video feedback to examine how expert and novice teachers differed in their noticing and weighing of alternative teaching strategies. Expert and novice teachers’ lessons were recorded with MET devices. Then, they commented on what they observe while watching their own teaching videos. Using a mixed methods approach, we found that expert and novice teachers did not differ in the number of classroom events they noticed and alternative teaching strategies they mentioned. However, novice teachers were more critical of their own teaching than expert teachers, particularly when they considered alternative teaching strategies. Practical implications for the field of teacher education are discussed.

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Learning to solve ill-defined statistics problems: does self-explanation quality mediate the worked example effect?     

Bichler  Sarah  Stadler  Matthias  Bühner  Markus  Greiff  Samuel  Fischer  Frank 《Instructional Science》2022,50(3):335-359

Instructional Science - Extensive research has established that successful learning from an example is conditional on an important learning activity: self-explanation. Moreover, a model for...  相似文献   

Learning statistics with interactive pictures using R Shiny: Generally preferred,but not generally advantageous     

Fang Zhao  Lena Schützler  Oliver Christ  Robert Gaschler 《Teaching Statistics》2023,45(2):106-124

Constructing interactive web apps has become more accessible for instructors, for example, by using the R package Shiny. Here we explored learners' preferences and the efficiency of interactive simulations versus static pictures in acquiring statistics knowledge of Cohen's d and standard normal distribution. Results revealed that students' spontaneous interaction with pictures was infrequent (pilot study, N = 26). While prompts (Exp. 1, N = 152) effectively ensured the manipulation of simulations, student exposure to interactive simulations led to longer learning times though similar test performance compared with student exposure to static pictures. Multiple interactive representations led to lower test performance than single interactive and static representations (Exp. 2, N = 117). Though no advantage was gained regarding learning outcomes, participants preferred the interactive variant (Exp. 3, N = 119). Taken together, this study demonstrates that the superiority of interactive pictures cannot be assumed to hold in general. Further work should evaluate how mental model construction can be effectively scaffolded by interactive simulations.  相似文献   

Inducing chemotactic and haptotactic cues in microfluidic devices for three-dimensional in vitro assays     

O. Moreno-Arotzena  G. Mendoza  M. Cóndor  T. Rüberg  J. M. García-Aznar 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(6)

Microfluidic devices allow for the production of physiologically relevant cellular microenvironments by including biomimetic hydrogels and generating controlled chemical gradients. During transport, the biomolecules interact in distinct ways with the fibrillar networks: as purely diffusive factors in the soluble fluid or bound to the matrix proteins. These two main mechanisms may regulate distinct cell responses in order to guide their directional migration: caused by the substrate-bound chemoattractant gradient (haptotaxis) or by the gradient established within the soluble fluid (chemotaxis). In this work 3D diffusion experiments, in combination with ELISA assays, are performed using microfluidic platforms in order to quantify the distribution of PDGF-BB and TGF-β₁ across collagen and fibrin gels. Furthermore, to gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental processes, the experiments are reproduced by computer simulations based on a reaction-diffusion transport model. This model yields an accurate prediction of the experimental results, confirming that diffusion and binding phenomena are established within the microdevice.  相似文献   

Unsteady flow phenomena in human undulatory swimming: a numerical approach     

Steffen Pacholak  Stefan Hochstein  Alexander Rudert  Christoph Brücker 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2014,13(2):176-194

The undulatory underwater sequence is one of the most important phases in competitive swimming. An understanding of the recurrent vortex dynamics around the human body and their generation could therefore be used to improve swimming techniques. In order to produce a dynamic model, we applied human joint kinematics to three-dimensional (3D) body scans of a female swimmer. The flow around this dynamic model was then calculated using computational fluid dynamics with the aid of moving 3D meshes. Evaluation of the numerical results delivered by the various motion cycles identified characteristic vortex structures for each of the cycles, which exhibited increasing intensity and drag influence. At maximum thrust, drag forces appear to be 12 times higher than those of a passive gliding swimmer. As far as we know, this is the first disclosure of vortex rings merging into vortex tubes in the wake after vortex recapturing. All unsteady structures were visualized using a modified Q-criterion also incorporated into our methods. At the very least, our approach is likely to be suited to further studies examining swimmers engaging in undulatory swimming during training or competition.  相似文献