A Comparison of Autonomic Nervous System Activity between Physically Trained and Untrained Individuals     

Roy H. Hahner  R. H. Rochelle 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):975-982

Abstract

The study is concerned with the comparison of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity between highly trained collegiate track and field athletes and untrained individuals. An ANS test battery consisting of six individual measures of autonomic activity was used: (a) sublingual temperature, (b) salivary output, (c) volar skin resistance, (d) palmar skin resistance, (e) diastolic blood pressure, and (f) heart period. One group of athletes, track runners, were found to have a mean autonomic balance score significantly higher (at the .02 level) than the norm group of college students. The autonomic scores of field event athletes, however, were not significantly different from the norm. An analysis of the type of ANS activity demonstrated by the runners showed a dominance by the parasympathetic as compared to a mixed pattern demonstrated by the normative sample. It was concluded that highly trained track runners demonstrated a significantly higher autonomic balance score than did normal college students, and that their resting autonomic pattern was predominantly parasympathetic. There was evidence to indicate that equality of performance in the running events in track, and possibly other athletic events, may be partially predictable from autonomic balance scores.  相似文献   

Season of birth is related to child retention rates, achievement, and rate of diagnosis of specific LD   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Martin RP  Foels P  Clanton G  Moon K 《Journal of learning disabilities》2004,37(4):307-317

A sizable literature has demonstrated that the achievement of children in early elementary school is related to their season of birth: Those born in summer typically perform less well than those born in the fall. A small literature indicates that more children diagnosed with specific learning disabilities (SLD) are born in the summer. We have begun to explore the possibility that the same processes may account for both outcomes. In order to better understand these processes, the standardized achievement levels and rates of diagnosis of SLD for children born during each season were studied in one geographical area of the State of Georgia served by 28 school districts. Standardized achievement scores in reading, mathematics, and science were reliably lower for those born in the summer. Furthermore, there was a strong relationship between season of birth and the rate at which children received a diagnosis of SLD. Summer-born children were diagnosed with SLD at a higher rate than their peers. Four hypotheses for both the lower performance in the general school population and the greater rate of SLD diagnosis among these children are discussed.  相似文献   

Modifying the Clarity Behaviours of Experienced Teachers Through Structured Feedback     

Roy Killen 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education》1991,19(2):103-115

This paper briefly describes the methodology and results of research which aimed to determine whether or not the clarity behaviours of experienced teachers in regular classrooms were stable over time and whether or not they could be significantly altered through a process of self‐analysis based on feedback of students’ perceptions of their teacher's clarity. The research is an extension of a series of studies of teacher clarity which commenced at The Ohio State University in 1975. It utilised instruments which the author developed for the measurement of teacher clarify and which allowed comparisons to be made between student perceptions of teacher clarify and teachers’ self‐ratings of their clarity. The major finding of the research was that experienced teachers were able to make significant improvements in their clarity when provided with structured feedback about their lessons. The implications of this finding for teachers and for teacher education are discussed.  相似文献   

Story of fission     

Amit Roy 《Resonance》2016,21(3):247-258

The discovery of nuclear fission is the culmination of sustained efforts involving many scientists led by Hahn and Meitner to understand the production of artificial radioactivity induced by neutrons bombarding uranium. The large energy release in this process was almost immediately used for both military and civilian purposes. It also started the largescale funding of scientific research by governments across the world. Nuclear energy is one of the clean sources of energy and contributes very little to global warming.  相似文献   

Bernstein and the explanation of social disparities in education: a realist critique of the socio‐linguistic thesis     

Roy Nash 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2006,27(5):539-553

Can an explanation of the origins of social disparities in educational achievement be assisted by a critical examination of Bernstein’s sociology? This central question is approached by a consideration of the status of Bernstein’s socio‐linguistic thesis. The focus is on the nature of the explanations provided. The paper asks: What is the explanatory force of Bernstein’s structuralism? What is the relationship between Bernstein’s sociological explanations and Vygotskian psychological explanations? What are the effects for pedagogy of cognitive socialization mediated by language‐use consistent with Bernstein’s theory? The answers to these questions may pose a challenge for sociologists of education engaged with Bernstein’s sociology.  相似文献   

Assessing Model Similarity in Structural Equation Modeling     

Keke Lai  Samuel B. Green  Roy Levy  Ray E. Reichenberg  Yuning Xu  Marilyn S. Thompson 《Structural equation modeling》2016,23(4):491-506

Two models can be nonequivalent, but fit very similarly across a wide range of data sets. These near-equivalent models, like equivalent models, should be considered rival explanations for results of a study if they represent plausible explanations for the phenomenon of interest. Prior to conducting a study, researchers should evaluate plausible models that are alternatives to those hypothesized to evaluate whether they are near-equivalent or equivalent and, in so doing, address the adequacy of the study’s methodology. To assess the extent to which alternative models for a study are empirically distinguishable, we propose 5 indexes that quantify the degree of similarity in fit between 2 models across a specified universe of data sets. These indexes compare either the maximum likelihood fit function values or the residual covariance matrices of models. Illustrations are provided to support interpretations of these similarity indexes.  相似文献   

Sex differences in the missing-letter effect: A question of reading or visual–spatial skills?     

Jean Saint-Aubin  Daniel Voyer  Macha Roy 《Learning and individual differences》2012,22(6):664-672

When readers must search for a target letter while reading a continuous text, they are more likely to miss targets in frequent function words than in less frequent content words. This missing-letter effect has been found across many languages, methodologies, and types of reading materials. Despite the ubiquity of the missing-letter effect, sex differences have been reported, but their pattern is conflicting and no clear interpretation has been offered so far. In two experiments, sex differences were examined in the letter search task, while also measuring spatial and reading skills. In both experiments, the missing-letter effect was found for both genders and a larger missing-letter effect was found for faster readers. It is concluded that when sex differences are observed in the missing-letter effect, they are likely due to reading speed and not to spatial skills as previously hypothesized. Results are interpreted in light of the Attentional Disengagement model of the missing-letter effect.  相似文献   

Enrico Fermi — The complete physicist     

Amit Roy 《Resonance》2014,19(8):684-703

Enrico Fermi was a versatile physicist contributing in equal measure to theory and experiments. He is credited to be the ‘Father of the Atomic Age’ following his successful demonstration of sustained chain reaction in Chicago Pile-1. In this article, I have discussed his major experimental contributions that clearly demonstrate his simplicity of conception, meticulous attention to detail and directness of approach to the problem at hand.  相似文献   

Projectile motion with quadratic damping in a constant gravitational field     

Chandra Das  Dhiranjan Roy 《Resonance》2014,19(5):446-465

The motion of a projectile in a constant gravitational field is an age-old problem. If there is no resistive force, the problem is simple. However, with the intoduction of resistive forces, the complexity of the problem increases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the problem of projectile motion under a resistive force proportional to the square of velocity. The problem for resistive force proportional to vv cannot be solved in closed analytical form. A series solution of the equation leads to divergent series for x (t) and y (t) for reasonable values of the initial speed and angle of projection. However, we demonstrate that by inverting the series for x (t), i.e., expressing t in terms of x, and substituting this in y (t) one can express y in terms of x which is a highly convergent series and one can obtain the path of projectile with a few terms of the series. We further demonstrate that one can obtain the path even with a few terms of the divergent series for x (t) and y (t) by using extrapolation methods.  相似文献   

Preface     

Roy MacLeod 《Minerva》2007,45(2):113-114

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