Exploring DNA structure with Cn3D     

Porter SG  Day J  McCarty RE  Shearn A  Shingles R  Fletcher L  Murphy S  Pearlman R 《CBE life sciences education》2007,6(1):65-73

Researchers in the field of bioinformatics have developed a number of analytical programs and databases that are increasingly important for advancing biological research. Because bioinformatics programs are used to analyze, visualize, and/or compare biological data, it is likely that the use of these programs will have a positive impact on biology education. Over the past years, we have been working to help biology instructors introduce bioinformatics activities into their curricula by providing them with instructional materials that use bioinformatics programs and databases as educational tools. In this study, we measured the impact of a set of these materials on student learning. The activities in these materials asked students to use the molecular structure visualization program Cn3D to locate, identify, or analyze diverse features in DNA structures. Both the experimental groups of college and high school students showed significant increases in learning relative to control groups. Further, learning gains by the college students were correlated with the number of activities assigned. We conclude that working with Cn3D was important for improving student understanding of DNA structure. This study is one example of how a bioinformatics program for visualization can be used to support student learning.  相似文献   

Critical media literacy is not an option   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Douglas Kellner  Jeff Share 《Learning Inquiry》2007,1(1):59-69

This article explores the theoretical underpinnings of critical media literacy and analyzes four different approaches to teaching it. Combining cultural studies with critical pedagogy, we argue that critical media literacy aims to expand the notion of literacy to include different forms of media culture, information and communication technologies and new media, as well as deepen the potential of literacy education to critically analyze relationships between media and audiences, information and power. A multiperspectival approach addressing issues of gender, race, class and power is used to explore the interconnections of media literacy, cultural studies and critical pedagogy. In the interest of a vibrant participatory democracy, educators need to move the discourse beyond the stage of debating whether or not critical media literacy should be taught, and instead focus energy and resources on exploring the best ways for implementing it.

Douglas KellnerEmail: URL: http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/kellner.html

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Using MeSH to search for alternatives to the use of animals in research     

Chilov M  Matsoukas K  Ispahany N  Allen TY  Lustbader JW 《Medical reference services quarterly》2007,26(3):55-74

Searching for alternatives to using animals in research is not a standard service currently offered by most medical research libraries. The goal of this article is to demystify this type of expert search for medical librarians and to do so using a language they know well, that of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) thesaurus. An attempt is made in this paper to discuss possible search strategies and to include examples of recommended approaches to searching-all in the context of the 3Rs of alternatives: Replacement, Refinement, and Reduction.  相似文献   

Library support for problem-based learning: an algorithmic approach     

Ispahany N  Torraca K  Chilov M  Zimbler ER  Matsoukas K  Allen TY 《Medical reference services quarterly》2007,26(4):45-63

Academic health sciences libraries can take various approaches to support the problem-based learning component of the curriculum. This article presents one such approach taken to integrate information navigation skills into the small group discussion part of the Pathophysiology course in the second year of the Dental school curriculum. Along with presenting general resources for the course, the Library Toolkit introduced an algorithmic approach to finding answers to sample clinical case questions. While elements of Evidence-Based Practice were introduced, the emphasis was on teaching students to navigate relevant resources and apply various database search techniques to find answers to the clinical problems presented.  相似文献   

Elimination of self-punitive behavior with a novel stimulus and safety signal     

Dennis J. Delprato  L. Allen Carosio 《Learning & behavior》1976,4(2):210-212

After escape training in an alley, rats received either nonpunished (NP) or punished (P) extinction, During extinction, NP and P groups received (a) a novel tone in the startbox, (b) a tone in the start- and goalboxes (the tone had been presented in the goalbox to these subgroups during acquisition—safety signal condition), or (c) no tone. Punishment produced greater resistance to extinction than nonpunishment (self-punitive effect) only under no-tone conditions. The elimination of self-punitive behavior with novel tone and safety signal treatment is consistent with the hypothesis that self-punitive running is motivated by excessive fear.  相似文献   

Heart Rate-Defined Phases of Attention, Look Duration, and Infant Performance in the Paired-Comparison Paradigm     

John Colombo  W. Allen Richman  D. Jill Shaddy  rea Follmer Greenhoot  & Julie M. Maikranz 《Child development》2001,72(6):1605-1616

Four-month-old infants (N = 68) were tested in a paired-comparison familiarization-novelty recognition task in which the length of choice trials was systematically manipulated. Peak look duration during pretest and familiarization periods significantly predicted a dichotomous measure of recognition performance, but recognition was unaffected by choice-trial length. Heart rate (HR) was simultaneously assessed during the task, and the amount of time infants spent in various HR-defined phases of attention was assessed. Longer durations of looking during pretest and familiarization were significantly associated with more time spent in both sustained attention (SA) and attention termination (AT). Of these two variables, only individual differences in AT accounted for significant variance in recognition memory performance. A final analysis addressed the possibility that individual differences in AT mediated the relation between look duration and recognition performance. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that individual differences in the disengagement of attention underlie the relation between look duration and cognitive performance in early to midinfancy.  相似文献   

The College English Test Band Four Writing Section: The Constraints on Reliability in a Large-scale Writing Test     

Kate Allen 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1997,17(1):86-93

The College English Test Band Four is rapidly becoming the most widely used qualifying examination in China today. The test includes a direct writing component, although the bulk of the test consists of conventional multiple-choice reading-skills items. The papers of the writing section are sent to various centres where each paper is scored not by multiple readers, but by a single reader. In this article, the accounts of actual scorers are documented, describing the scoring process and the manner in which reliability is maintained.  相似文献   

What's Wrong with the 'Golden Rule'? Conundrums of Conducting Ethical Research in Cyberspace   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Christina Allen 《The Information Society》1996,12(2):175-188

Three key values for ethical cyberspace research practices are evident in recent discussions: (1) protect the subjects from harm as a result of the research fieldwork and the research practices; (2) produce good social science research; and (3) do not unnecessarily perturb the phenomena studied. Much of the argumentation aims to negotiate the ethical conflicts that often emerge between these goals. Bakhtin argues that one can only strive for a bottom-up ethical wisdom built upon concrete examples, and disputes the possibility that rigid top-down application of universal rules constitutes ethical action. His perspective has key implications for ethical research practices. I illustrate this perspective at work through my recent fieldwork and writing practices in a virtual community. Research ethics for cyberspace are like research ethics for any other site. They should be situated, dialogic agreements that develop over time between researchers and the participants of the research study. It is unlikely that such research ethics can be abstractly codified, because there will often be differences between research sites, the situations of participants, and researcher goals. Researchers can, however, develop ethical wisdom that comes from experience with many configurations of research in cyberspace, and report on the conditions that grounded their ethical choices, and the results that emerged from their work in the site. These results will often be improved by feedback from participants about their experiences with the fieldwork and the effects of publication.  相似文献   

Lunar outpost agriculture   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hossner LR  Ming DW  Henninger DL  Allen ER 《Endeavour》1991,15(2):79-85

America's long-term commitment to a new Space Exploration Initiative has focused attention on the basic requirements for establishing a permanently manned lunar outpost and, ultimately, a martian one. High among these is the development of Regenerative Life Support Systems--with lunar agriculture an essential component--to provide a high level of self-sufficiency.  相似文献   

Entrepreneurial orientation, technology transfer and spinoff performance of U.S. universities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rory P. O'Shea  Thomas J. Allen  Frank Roche 《Research Policy》2005,34(7):994-1009

This paper adopts a resource-based perspective to understand why some universities are more successful than others at generating technology-based spinoff companies. In this respect, we derive eight hypotheses that link attributes of resources and capabilities, institutional, financial, commercial and human capital, to university spinoff outcomes. Using panel data from 1980 to 2001, our econometric estimators reveal evidence of history dependence for successful technology transfer to occur although faculty quality, size and orientation of science and engineering funding and commercial capability were also found to be predictors of university spinoff activity. We conclude by drawing implications for policy makers and university heads.  相似文献