Utilization and dominance of spatially separated cues as a function of water deprivation     

Jerome S. Cohen  Gregory Hachey 《Learning & behavior》1977,5(1):103-109

Utilization and dominance of physically separate redundant-relevant cues were measured in albino rats under moderate (18 h/day) or high (23.5 h/day) water deprivation. Cues were located on goal doors (brightness) and the floor (texture) in a two-choice discrimination apparatus. Three experiments were carried out with the following paradigms: incidental cue, redundant-relevant cue discrimination, and optional shift discrimination. Deprivation did not affect rate of acquisition of initial discrimination or cue dominance. Cue utilization, however, was inversely related to deprivation in redundant-relevant cue and optional shift discrimination tasks. These effects were limited, however. Over-training on the redundant-relevant cue task eliminated the effect. Within the optional shift situation, only animals that initially acquired a texture cue discrimination were affected by deprivation. Other factors affecting cue utilization in these experiments were also described and discussed.  相似文献   

Taste-potentiated color aversions in pigeons: Examination of CS preexposure and subsequent effects on postconditioning extinction of the taste aversion     

Todd E. Thiele  Jerome Frieman 《Learning & behavior》1994,22(4):436-441

In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms of potentiation using pigeons as subjects. Half the groups were given unreinforced preexposures to the CS on 2 consecutive days before aversion training. After training, the taste aversion was extinguished in some of the groups conditioned with a colored, tasty compound. Postconditioning extinction of the taste aversion was found to attenuate potentiated color aversions. This was the case for the subjects that both were and were not preexposed to the CS. These results lend support to the summation theory of potentiation (Durlach & Rescorla, 1980) and weaken the claim that CS preexposures are necessary for obtaining such support. Alternative accounts of the data are discussed.  相似文献   

A Review of the Cross-Cultural Equivalence of Frequently used Personality Inventories     

Jér?me?RossierEmail author 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2005,5(2):175-188

Personality inventories are frequently used for career guidance. Some should theoretically depend on cultural context, while others are supposed to be universal. The cross-cultural equivalence is only partial for culture-dependent models, as the locus of control. Concerning models that are supposed to be universal like the one proposed by Cattell or the Five-Factor Model, a partial and a full structural equivalence are, respectively observed. The extent of the scalar equivalence is difficult to assess indicating that more studies should be conducted to understand how culture affects processes underlying the evaluation of personality.

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Résumé. Un examen de l’équivalence transculturelle de plusieurs inventaires de personnalité fréquemment utilisés Les inventaires de personnalité sont fréquemment employés en orientation professionnelle. Certains devraient théoriquement dépendre du contexte culturel, alors que d’autres sont censés être universels. Pour les modèles qui dépendent de la culture, comme le lieu de contrôle, l’équivalence transculturelle est seulement partielle. Pour ce qui concerne les modèles qui sont censés être universels, comme celui proposé par Cattell ou comme le Modèle à Cinq Facteurs, on observe une équivalence structurale respectivement partielle et totale. Il est difficile d’évaluer l’ampleur de l’équivalence des échelles, ce qui montre que davantage d’études devraient être entreprises pour comprendre comment la culture affecte les processus sous-tendant l’évaluation de la personnalité.Zusammenfassung. Eine Betrachtung der interkulturellen Entsprechungen einiger häufig verwendeter Pesönlichkeits-Inventarien Persönlichkeits-Inventarien werden in er Berufsberatung häufig verwendet. Einige sollten theoretisch von kulturellen Kontexten abhängig sein, während andere als universell betrachtet werden. Die interkulturelle Vergleichbarkeit für kulturabhängige Modelle, wie etwa der Kontrollüberzeugung, besteht nur teilweise. Im Hinblick auf Modelle, die universell sein sollen wie das von Cattell vorgeschlagene Modell oder das Fünf-Faktoren-Modell, können sowohl partielle als auch vollstrukturelle Entsprechungen vorgefunden werden. Das Ausmaß er graduellen Entsprechungen ist kaum zu bewerten, was darauf hinweist, dass weitere Untersuchungen zu der Frage durchgeführt werden sollten in welcher Weise die Kultur diejenigen Prozesse beeinflusst, die der Beurteilung der Persönlichkeit zu Grunde liegen.Resumen. Revisión de la equivalencia cross-cultural de diversos inventarios de personalidad frecuentemente utilizados Los inventarios de personalidad suelen usarse con frecuencia en la orientación para la carrera. Algunos deberían depender teóricamente del contexto cultural, mientras que otros se supone que son universales. La equivalencia cross-cultural sólo es parcial en los modelos dependientes de la cultura, como el locus of control. Respecto a los modelos supuestamente universales como el propuesto por Cattell, o el Modelo de Cinco Factores, se observa una equivalencia parcial y una equivalencia total estructural respectivamente. El grado de la equivalencia escalar es difícil de medir, lo que indica que deberían realizarse más estudios de este tipo para entender cómo la cultura afecta a los procesos subyacentes en la evaluación de la personalidad.

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Student attitudes towards clinical teaching resources in complementary medicine: a focus group examination of Australian naturopathic medicine students     

Jonathan Lee Wardle  Jerome Sarris 《Health information and libraries journal》2014,31(2):123-132

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Publication patterns of award-winning forest scientists and implications for the Australian ERA journal ranking     

Jerome K. Vanclay 《Journal of Informetrics》2012,6(1):19-26

Publication patterns of 79 forest scientists awarded major international forestry prizes during 1990-2010 were compared with the journal classification and ranking promoted as part of the ‘Excellence in Research for Australia’ (ERA) by the Australian Research Council. The data revealed that these scientists exhibited an elite publication performance during the decade before and two decades following their first major award. An analysis of their 1703 articles in 431 journals revealed substantial differences between the journal choices of these elite scientists and the ERA classification and ranking of journals. Implications from these findings are that additional cross-classifications should be added for many journals, and there should be an adjustment to the ranking of several journals relevant to the ERA Field of Research classified as 0705 Forestry Sciences.  相似文献   

Some musings on leadership and organizational stages: Making waves,riding waves,or being caught in the undertow     

Jerome J. Gordon 《Performance Improvement》1991,30(7):16-20

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Relationship between WISC-R and WRAT in children referred for learning difficulties     

Jerome M. Sattler  Joseph J. Ryan 《Psychology in the schools》1981,18(3):290-292

Correlations between the WISC-R Full, Verbal, Performance, and Freedom from Distractibility Scale IQs, WISC-R subtest scaled scores, and Wide Range Achievement Test Reading, Spelling, and Arithmetic standard scores were computed for a sample of 114 children (64 boys, 50 girls), aged 6 to 16 years, who were referred for psychological evaluation because of academic or learning difficulties. The Full Scale IQ, Verbal Scale IQ, and Freedom from Distractibility IQ correlated moderately with the three achievement area standard scores (rs of .48 to .59). However, the Performance Scale IQ correlated minimally with reading and spelling scores (rs of .26 and .27), but moderately with arithmetic scores (r = .40). The results support the concurrent validity of the WISC-R.  相似文献   

A validated instrument measuring students' perceptions on plastinated and three-dimensional printed anatomy tools     

Ramya Chandrasekaran  Shairah Radzi  Peh Zhen Kai  Preman Rajalingam  Jerome Rotgans  Sreenivasulu Reddy Mogali 《Anatomical sciences education》2022,15(5):850-862

Due to the modernization of the medical curriculum and technological advancements, anatomy education has evolved beyond cadaveric dissection alone. Plastination techniques, three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and 3D printing technologies have progressively gained importance. However, there are limited valid and reliable surveys to evaluate students' perceptions of these new anatomy tools. Hence, this study aimed to develop a validated instrument to measure students' learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, humanistic values, and perceived limitations of plastinated and 3D printed models. A 41-item survey (five-point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) was administered to Year 1 undergraduate medical students following a randomized controlled crossover study that evaluated plastinated and 3D printed cardiac and neck models. Ninety-six responses were received, and a factor analysis was performed with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin sampling adequacy of 0.878. The confirmatory factor analysis yielded a 4-factor, 19 items model that had a good fit with the latent constructs of $x$² (147) = 211.568, P < 0.001, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068, root mean square residual = 0.064, comparative fit index = 0.946, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.937. The Cronbach's alpha for the individual factors ranged from 0.74 to 0.95, indicating good internal consistency. This demonstrated a psychometrically valid and reliable instrument to measure students' perceptions toward plastinated and 3D printed models.  相似文献   

Collection Forum: A Review     

Jerome G. Rozen 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1986,29(4):316-316

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