Fluid balance of elite Brazilian youth soccer players during consecutive days of training     

Rafael P. Silva  Toby Mündel  Antônio J. Natali  Maurício G. Bara Filho  Jorge R. P. Lima  Rita C. G. Alfenas 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):725-732

Abstract

In this study we investigated pre-training hydration status, fluid intake, and sweat loss in 20 elite male Brazilian adolescent soccer players (mean ± s: age 17.2 ± 0.5 years; height 1.76 ± 0.05 m; body mass 69.9 ± 6.0 kg) on three consecutive days of typical training during the qualifying phase of the national soccer league. Urine specific gravity (USG) and body mass changes were evaluated before and after training sessions to estimate hydration status. Players began the days of training mildly hypohydrated (USG > 1.020) and fluid intake did not match fluid losses. It was warmer on Day 1 (33.1 ± 2.4°C and43.4 ± 3.2% relative humidity; P < 0.05) and total estimated sweat losses (2822 ± 530 mL) and fluid intake (1607 ± 460 mL) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) compared with Days 2 and 3. Data also indicate a significant correlation between the extent of sweat loss and the volume of fluid consumed (Day 1: r = 0.560, P = 0.010; Day 2: r = 0.445, P = 0.049; Day 3: r = 0.743, P = 0.0001). We conclude that young, native tropical soccer players arrive hypohydrated to training and that they exhibit voluntary dehydration; therefore, enhancing athletes' self-knowledge of sweat loss during training might help them to consume sufficient fluid to match the sweat losses.  相似文献   

Corporal Punishment and Elevated Neural Response to Threat in Children     

Jorge Cuartas  David G. Weissman  Margaret A. Sheridan  Liliana Lengua  Katie A. McLaughlin 《Child development》2021,92(3):821-832

Spanking remains common around the world, despite evidence linking corporal punishment to detrimental child outcomes. This study tested whether children (M_age = 11.60) who were spanked (N = 40) exhibited altered neural function in response to stimuli that suggest the presence of an environmental threat compared to children who were not spanked (N = 107). Children who were spanked exhibited greater activation in multiple regions of the medial and lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), including dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, dorsomedial PFC, bilateral frontal pole, and left middle frontal gyrus in response to fearful relative to neutral faces compared to children who were not spanked. These findings suggest that spanking may alter neural responses to environmental threats in a manner similar to more severe forms of maltreatment.  相似文献   

Assessment for learning in Norway and Portugal: the case of primary school mathematics teaching     

Guri A. Nortvedt  Leonor Santos  Jorge Pinto 《Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice》2016,23(3):377-395

In this study, we aim to understand the forces driving assessment for learning (AfL) in primary school teaching. By applying a case study design, including the two cases of Norway and Portugal and using mathematics teaching as an example, available policy documents and research reports are analysed to identify the differences and similarities that might explain the assessment practices previously observed in the two countries. Many similarities are found at the school and national levels. In particular, AfL is introduced as a national policy in both countries. Still, AfL practices are not common in primary mathematics classrooms in either country, although this is true for different reasons in each country. It is suggested that the assessment culture caused by national policies, such as curriculum reforms, national professional development projects and teacher autonomy, explains the similarities in the observed outcomes.  相似文献   

Training teachers as key players in poverty alleviation     

Ana Benavente  Stangeline Ralambomanana  Jorge Mbanze 《Prospects》2008,38(2):171-187

This article presents several questions, reflections and suggestions on pre-service and in-service teacher training that arose during the project “Curricular innovation and poverty alleviation in sub-Saharan Africa”. While recognizing that the situation in the nine countries taking part in the project, and in many other countries in the southern hemisphere, is marked by a huge lack of teachers, with the attendant urgency and pressure, it must also be stated that the economic and social status of teachers is not always equal to the needs of the schools and societies. In this project on the place of the school in poverty alleviation and the promotion of peace, the role of the teachers was soon seen to be crucial. The analysis of the common areas of the demands made on teachers from the northern hemisphere and of the specific needs and realities of the countries from the south enabled us to start building possible responses in the short and medium term in the countries where Education for All (EFA) is not yet a fully fledged reality.  相似文献   

On Your Bike!     

Jorge Solis 《英语沙龙》2010,(12):16-17

本刊从2010年第1期起辟专栏连载英国大使馆文化处提供的系列稿件,为读者介绍英国文化,内容涵盖了假日、饮食、酒吧和英国皇室等方面。本栏目除文章外,每期还附有趣味小练习,另外,Word of the day板块每期为读者介绍一个俚语,读者在深入领略英国文化底蕴的同时。还可学习到原汁原味的英文。本期文章介绍了英国的全民骑单车现象。  相似文献   

The first steps for adapting an artificial intelligence emotion expression recognition software for emotional management in the educational context     

Jorge Fernández Herrero  Francisco Gómez Donoso  Rosabel Roig Vila 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2023,54(6):1939-1963

To test the suitability of an automatic system for emotional management in the classroom following the control-value theory of achievement emotions (CVT) framework, the performance of an emotional expression recognition software of our creation is evaluated in an online synchronous context. Sixty students from the Faculty of Education at the University of Alicante participated in 16 educational activities recording close-ups of their faces and completing the AEQ emotional self-report, as well as detailed reports from the subsequent review of their videos. In addition, they completed the VCQ-36 test to measure their volitional competencies and relate their influence on their emotional response. The results indicate a high coherence between the emotional expressions detected by the automatic system and the detailed emotional self-reports, but insufficient precision to meet the CVT requirements. On the other hand, both the AEQ test results and the emotion expression recognition software suggest students' preference for participative activities as opposed to passive ones. Meanwhile, statistical analysis results indicate that volitional competencies seem to influence the emotional response of students in the educational context, although the AI system does not show sufficient sensitivity in this field. Implications and limitations of this study for future work are discussed.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

• Student motivation and involvement in the learning process are highly related to appropriate emotional regulation, which can be associated with particular educational activities, strategies and methodologies.
• Deep learning technology based on convolutional neural networks feeds automatic systems focused on facial expression recognition from image analysis.

What this paper adds

• There is high coherence between the emotional expressions detected by the AI system and the students' emotional self-reports, but the AI system provides just emotional valences, insufficient to meet the CVT framework.
• Both emotional self-reports and the emotion recognition software suggest students' preference for active educational activities as opposed to passive ones.
• Volitional competencies seem to influence the emotional response of students in the educational context.

Implications for practice and/or policy

• It is possible to use automatic systems to effectively monitor the emotional response of students in the learning process.
• Only if sensitivity improved, a real-time, easy-to-interpret emotional expression recognition software interface could be implemented to assist teachers with the emotional management of their classes within the CVT framework, maximizing their motivation and engagement.

  相似文献