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Postgraduate education for medical librarians is approachable from several perspectives, including internships, certificate programs, and continuing education programs. The diverse population of medical library personnel calls for a varied yet coordinated system of postgraduate education involving the Medical Library Association, regional medical libraries, library schools, and the National Library of Medical, in addition to active participation by all librarians in the health sciences field. Basic philosophies for each of the major types of programs are discussed and recommendations for future training of health sciences librarians are provided. 相似文献
67.
Maxfield DK 《Bulletin of the Medical Library Association》1975,63(3):345-346
68.
Karyn Ogata Jones Bryan E. Denham Jeffrey K. Springston 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2006,34(1):94-113
Drawing on components of agenda-setting theory and the two-step flow of information from mass media to news audiences, this study examines the effects of mass and interpersonal communication on breast cancer screening practices among college- and middle-aged women (n = 284). We theorized that screening behaviors among younger women would be influenced more by interpersonal sources of information while screening among middle-aged women would be more influenced by exposure to mass-mediated information. Findings supported anticipated patterns, revealing important and varying roles for both mass and interpersonal communication in the health behaviors of women. Implications for health practitioners and campaign planners, as well as recommendations for future research, are discussed. 相似文献
69.
Tuomo Korenius Jorma Laurikkala Martti Juhola Kalervo Järvelin 《Information Retrieval》2006,9(1):33-53
Search facilitated with agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods was studied in a collection of Finnish newspaper articles
(N = 53,893). To allow quick experiments, clustering was applied to a sample (N = 5,000) that was reduced with principal components analysis. The dendrograms were heuristically cut to find an optimal partition,
whose clusters were compared with each of the 30 queries to retrieve the best-matching cluster. The four-level relevance assessment
was collapsed into a binary one by (A) considering all the relevant and (B) only the highly relevant documents relevant, respectively.
Single linkage (SL) was the worst method. It created many tiny clusters, and, consequently, searches enabled with it had high
precision and low recall. The complete linkage (CL), average linkage (AL), and Ward's methods (WM) returned reasonably-sized
clusters typically of 18–32 documents. Their recall (A: 27–52%, B: 50–82%) and precision (A: 83–90%, B: 18–21%) was higher
than and comparable to those of the SL clusters, respectively. The AL and WM clustering had 1–8% better effectiveness than
nearest neighbor searching (NN), and SL and CL were 1–9% less efficient that NN. However, the differences were statistically
insignificant. When evaluated with the liberal assessment A, the results suggest that the AL and WM clustering offer better
retrieval ability than NN. Assessment B renders the AL and WM clustering better than NN, when recall is considered more important
than precision. The results imply that collections in the highly inflectional and agglutinative languages, such as Finnish,
may be clustered as the collections in English, provided that documents are appropriately preprocessed. 相似文献
70.
Toyo Yoshizaki 《Publishing Research Quarterly》2004,19(4):31-36
Summary Now more than ever good translations are proving to be vitally important to fulfilling Shoichi Noma’s mission of advancing
good relationships between cultures. With the emergence of dozens of world-class Japanese writers, the translators of Japanese
literature have acquired a new significance and a new importance. No longer are they required to simply handle the language
like an exotic and precious commodity but they must prepare a writer’s work to compete with literature from around the globe
and let others understand the issues at their very heart of the Japanese people.
Indeed, the selection committee’s choice of Murakami’s Wind-Up Bird Chronicle is an apt example of how literature at its very best can span cultural divides to promote mutual understanding of very complicated
and important world issues. Written for Japanese to help them understand the devastation of war, it is a rare and timely book
that confronts Japan’s experience head on. Ironically, Noma’s idea that books are silent ambassadors, an idea born from agony
and defeat, so many years later is helping the world come together towards a unified vision of peace and understanding.
“Literature has been described as a means of exchange between the hearts of people. Literary translation, then, is the building
of bridges so that all peoples of the world can interact in this way.”
Ye Weiqu, Chinese Institute of Social Studies. 相似文献