Education and HIV/AIDS     

Julia Preece 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2013,59(1):145-147

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Impact of the choice of threshold on physical activity patterns in free living conditions among adolescents measured using a uniaxial accelerometer: The HELENA study     

Jeremy Vanhelst  Laurent Béghin  Julia Salleron  Jonathan R. Ruiz  Francesco B Ortega  Charlene Ottevaere 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):110-115

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the choice of threshold on physical activity patterns measured in adolescents under free living conditions (FLC) using a uniaxial accelerometer. The study comprised 2043 adolescents (12.5–17.5 years) participating in the HELENA Study. Participants wore a uniaxial accelerometer for 7 days. The PA patterns were assessed using thresholds determined from six different studies. For each of the thresholds used, the number of adolescents fulfilling the recommendation of 60 min of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per day was also calculated. A significant difference was found between thresholds regardless of the activity level: differences of 38%, 207%, 136%, and 2780% for sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity PA, respectively (P < 0.001). Time of MVPA varied between methods from 25.3 to 55.2 min · day^–1. The number of adolescents fulfilling the recommendation varied from 5.9% to 37% according to the thresholds used. The kappa coefficient for concordance in the assessment of the number of adolescents achieving the PA recommendations was generally low. The definition of the threshold for PA intensity may considerably affect the PA patterns in FLC when assessed using a uniaxial accelerometer and the number of participants fulfilling the recommendations.  相似文献   

Effects of Exercise on the Basal Concentration of ATP in Muscle Tissue     

Julia W. Harris 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):598-604

Abstract

The problem involved the determination of the base concentration of ATP in muscle tissue of white rats. These animals had been forced to exercise (train) by swimming.

The method used to analyze for ATP involved bioluminescene and spectrophotometry. The luciferin-luciferase system served as the bioluminescence source. The Fisher's t test for significance was computed from the data collected. The peak height, obtained from the reaction of ATP and the luciferase system which was recorded, indicated the amount of ATP present.

The results obtained were not significant at the .05 level. Based on the findings of this study it was concluded that there was not a significant change in the base concentration of ATP in the experimental rats as compared to the control rats, and that there was a definite trend of an increased basal concentration of ATP in the exercised animals.  相似文献   

Item difficulty in the evaluation of computer-based instruction: an example from neuroanatomy     

Chariker JH  Naaz F  Pani JR 《Anatomical sciences education》2012,5(2):63-75

This article reports large item effects in a study of computer-based learning of neuroanatomy. Outcome measures of the efficiency of learning, transfer of learning, and generalization of knowledge diverged by a wide margin across test items, with certain sets of items emerging as particularly difficult to master. In addition, the outcomes of comparisons between instructional methods changed with the difficulty of the items to be learned. More challenging items better differentiated between instructional methods. This set of results is important for two reasons. First, it suggests that instruction may be more efficient if sets of consistently difficult items are the targets of instructional methods particularly suited to them. Second, there is wide variation in the published literature regarding the outcomes of empirical evaluations of computer-based instruction. As a consequence, many questions arise as to the factors that may affect such evaluations. The present article demonstrates that the level of challenge in the material that is presented to learners is an important factor to consider in the evaluation of a computer-based instructional system.  相似文献   

Breakfast,glycaemic index and health in young people     

Keith Tolfrey  Julia K. Zakrzewski 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2012,1(3):149-159

The often cited phrase “breakfast is the most important meal of the day” may have been largely anecdotal and lacking empirical evidence originally, particularly where children and adolescents (young people) are concerned. However, there is now a large body of evidence demonstrating that regular breakfast consumption is associated with a variety of nutritional and lifestyle-related health outcomes in large diverse samples of young people, which may prevent weight gain, nutrient deficiency and reduce risk factors for chronic disease. This evidence has been reviewed previously, but the link between breakfast composition and health has received less attention. There is emerging evidence in young people that suggests certain breakfasts are particularly beneficial for health, with much of this evidence focusing on ready-to-eat cereals and breakfast glycaemic index (GI). Substituting a high GI (HGI) breakfast for a low GI (LGI) breakfast may be particularly beneficial for overweight young people through increased glycaemic control and satiety. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to extend previous reviews on breakfast consumption and health to provide a greater understanding of the role of breakfast composition, particularly breakfast GI. Unlike the evidence on breakfast consumption, which has often been based on large cross-sectional studies, the evidence on breakfast GI is based primarily on controlled experimental studies, often with relatively small samples. At times, it was necessary to refer to the adult-based literature in this review to support findings from young people or to highlight areas that are particularly lacking in empirical evidence in this population. Since breakfast consumption has declined in young people and also decreases from childhood to adolescence, strategies to promote regular consumption of a healthy breakfast in young people are warranted. Future research in young people should place greater emphasis on breakfast composition, consider the mechanisms controlling relationships between breakfast consumption and health, and investigate the benefits of habitual consumption of LGI compared with HGI breakfasts.  相似文献   

The Great White Train: typhus, sanitation, and U.S. International Development during the Russian Civil War     

Irwin JF 《Endeavour》2012,36(3):89-96

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The Problem of Revealing How Students Think: Concept Inventories and Beyond     

Julia I. Smith  Kimberly Tanner 《CBE life sciences education》2010,9(1):1-5

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Editorial: Calming the Waves     

Julia Hodgeon 《English in Education》1996,30(1):1-1

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Primary Teachers’ Careers: the contexts of expansion and contraction     

Julia Evetts 《Cambridge Journal of Education》1989,19(3):287-297

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A personal approach to reading,using real books and involving parents     

Julia Prentice 《Literacy》1985,19(2):71-77

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