Decreasing inappropriate vocalizations using classwide group contingencies and color wheel procedures: A component analysis     

Emily R. Kirk  Jennifer A. Becker  Christopher H. Skinner  Jamie Yarbrough Fearrington  Sara J. McCane‐Bowling  Christie Amburn  Elisa Luna  Corinne Greear 《Psychology in the schools》2010,47(9):931-943

Teacher referrals for consultation resulted in two independent teams collecting evidence that allowed for a treatment component evaluation of color wheel (CW) procedures and/or interdependent group‐oriented reward (IGOR) procedures on inappropriate vocalizations in one third‐ and one first‐grade classroom. Both studies involved the application of B‐C‐D‐C designs, with the initial B phase involving the application of independent group‐oriented punishment (IGOP) procedures that were applied in all classrooms at the respective schools and maintained across all phases of the studies. In Study I, the C phase involved that application of IGOP, IGOR, and CW; CW was withdrawn in the D phase and reinstated in the subsequent C phase. In Study II, IGOP procedures were supplemented with CW procedures (first C phase), then IGOR procedures were added (D phase) and withdrawn (second C phase). Results from the two studies converge and provide evidence that CW procedures are effective when applied with IGOP procedures and that supplementing them with IGOR procedures may have little classwide impact on inappropriate vocalizations. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

Descriptions of personal experiences: Effects on students' learning and behavioral intentions toward peers with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder     

Lee B. Saecker  Amy L. Skinner  Christopher H. Skinner  Emily Rowland  Emily Kirk 《Psychology in the schools》2010,47(9):960-973

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Gender,forced migration and education: identities and experiences of refugee women teachers     

Jackie Kirk 《Gender and education》2010,22(2):161-176

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The national advisory committee on handicapped children     

S A Kirk 《Exceptional children》1968,34(7):481-484

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Creating Gender Equality at Professorial Level: A review of the Swedish government's approach     

Kirk P. H Sullivan 《Compare》2000,30(1):21-34

In the spring of 1995 the Social Democrats, the party of government in Sweden, introduced legislation on gender equality in education as part of its commitment to equal opportunity for both genders in Swedish society. Part of the proposal behind the legislation related to the creation of a more equal division of professional positions between the genders. This paper examines the Social Democrats' policy on the creation of a better division between the genders for professors. There appears to be no-one active in the debate who claims that there ought not to be female professors, although how this ought to be achieved is an issue of dispute. The central issues examined in the paper are the factors that influenced the design and implementation of the policy and whether the Social Democrats' policy goals are being achieved.  相似文献   

Material characterization and preservation guidance for a collection of prosthetic limbs developed since 1960     

Margaret J Smith  Susanna Kirk  James Tate  Darren Cox 《文物保护研究》2014,59(4):256-267

National Museums Scotland has collections relating to many areas of science and technology, including medical science. This paper considers technical and conservation issues of an important collection of more than 150 prosthetic limbs. Much of the collection is of prosthetics developed for children born lacking or with malformed upper limbs caused by the prenatal morning sickness drug Thalidomide. However, many other examples are represented and the collection showcases a timeline of bioengineering development covering the past five decades. A wide range of plastics and metals were observed within the pieces examined, with many visibly degraded and degrading. The identification and characterization of these materials and their condition are fundamental to interpreting the development of the collection, for deciding on treatment, and for setting a strategy for future preservation. In addition to visual inspection, three analytical techniques were used to examine the various parts of the selected examples: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for polymer identification and condition; X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to identify the metals and alloys present, and X-radiography to reveal the internal mechanisms of the limbs. Interpretation of the results was greatly enhanced by documentation and conversation with engineers and scientists involved in research and development of the limbs. The combination of different materials, some with conflicting environmental requirements, makes storage and display challenging as the goal is to prevent degradation of any part the object. Some objects were found to be actively degrading and for these separate storage solutions have been recommended to slow the emission of volatile degradation products that would cause further damage throughout the collection.  相似文献   

Institutions for Civic Technoscience: How Critical Making is Transforming Environmental Research     

Sara Ann Wylie  Kirk Jalbert  Shannon Dosemagen  Matt Ratto 《The Information Society》2014,30(2):116-126

This article explores the changing relationship between the academy and new public formations of scientific research, which we term “civic technoscience.” Civic technoscience leverages tactics seen in critical making communities to question and transform how and who can make credible and actionable knowledge. A comparison of two case studies is used. The first is a grassroots mapping process that allows communities to generate high-quality aerial imagery. The second is an academic-led project using environmental sensors to engage disparate audiences in scientific practice. These two projects were found to differ in their ability to form strategic spaces for community-based science, and suggest pathways to foster more robust relationships across the public–academic divide. By altering power dynamics in material, literary, and social technologies used for scientific research, we argue that civic technoscience enables citizens to question expert knowledge production through critical making tactics, and creates opportunities to generate credible public science.  相似文献   

Researching the efficacy of online learning: A collaborative effort amongst scholars in Asian open universities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Wei-yuan Zhang  Kirk Perris 《Open Learning》2013,28(3):247-264

This article reports on a collaborative effort amongst scholars from ODL institutions across Asia that resulted in an analysis of the status of online learning. Eleven leading open universities participated in this project, each having representatives join the project team. The exchange among team members and data collection was conducted solely online and comprised the following three stages: (1) continuous email exchange; (2) institutional profile survey; and (3) student perception survey of online learning. Altogether, 1906 students returned valid questionnaires. The results reveal an array of methodologies used to design, implement and deliver online learning and include the perceptions of users on the advantages, disadvantages and barriers to learning online from an ODL perspective in Asia.  相似文献   

Age Differences in Adaptive Decision Making: The Role of Numeracy     

Yiwei Chen  Jiaxi Wang  Robert M. Kirk  Olivia L. Pethtel  Allison E. Kiefner 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(11):825-833

The primary purposes of the present study were to examine age differences in adaptive decision making and to evaluate the role of numeracy in mediating the relationship between age and adaptive decision making. Adaptive decision making was assessed by the Cups task (Levin, Weller, Pederson, & Harshman, 2007 Levin , I. P. , Weller , J. A. , Pederson , A. A. , & Harshman , L. A. ( 2007 ). Age-related differences in adaptive decision making: Sensitivity to expect value in risky choice . Judgement and Decision Making , 2 ( 4 ), 225 – 233 .[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Forty-six younger (18 to 24 years old) and 37 older adults (61 to 89 years old) completed the Cups task. In addition, the Numeracy Scale (Lipkus, Samsa, & Rimer, 2001 Lipkus , I. M ., Samsa , G. , & Rimer , B. K. ( 2001 ). General performance on a numeracy scale among highly educated samples . Medical Decision Making , 21 ( 1 ), 37 – 44 .[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) was used to measure individual numeric ability. Adaptive decision making was operationalized by the Expected Value sensitivity (i.e., the product of probability and outcome magnitudes) across the gain and the loss domains. Older adults had significantly lower Expected Value sensitivity than young adults. In addition, older adults demonstrated significantly lower numeracy than younger adults. Finally, numeracy partially mediated the relationship between age and adaptive decision making. It is suggested that older adults’ declined decision making may be partially due to their declined numeric abilities. Implications were discussed in numeracy education and public policies concerning older adults.  相似文献   

Age Differences in Goal Concordance,Time Use,and Well-Being     

Yiwei Chen  Yue-Ting Lee  Olivia L. Pethtel  Michael S. Gutowitz  Robert M. Kirk 《Educational gerontology》2013,39(11):742-752

The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate age differences in goal concordance, time use, and Well-Being. Past research has found that despite age-related decline in life circumstances (e.g., health), the Well-Being of older adults is as high as young adults. The present study used a novel approach to explore the Paradox of Well-Being. One hundred and seventy-seven adults participated in the study. They first generated their three most important personal strivings and rated levels of goal concordance for external, introjected, identified, and intrinsic reasons. Then, they reported their actual and ideal time use in 10 categories of activities in the past 24 hours. Finally, Well-Being was assessed by the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (Diener, Wirtz, et al., 2010). Older adults did not differ from young adults in overall Well-Being. However, they held higher levels of goal concordance and were more likely to spend time in spirituality and religion-related activities than young adults. The relationships between goal concordance, time use, and Well-Being were examined separately for young and older adults. Implications were discussed to improve Well-Being for young and older adults.  相似文献