Linking university and industry: An organizational experience in Mexico     

Mario Waissbluth  Gustavo Cadena  Jose Luis Solleiro 《Research Policy》1988,17(6)

This paper describes the experience gained in the Center for Technological Innovation since its creation three years ago within the National Autonomous University of Mexico. By offering the services of locating clients, drafting and negotiating contracts, providing specialized information services, and project follow-up, the Center pursues the establishment of effective ties between University projects and industrial production. In so doing, its staff informally assumes the critical “dgate-keeper” and “entrepreneur” roles, not easily accepted in other areas of the University.The main difficulties encountered so far have been in developing interdisciplinary projects, providing due academic recognition for technological activities and extending knowledge about innovation throughout the University. On the other hand, a great advantage is the interest shown by the academic community; likewise is UNAM's stability and autonomy, structural characteristics which have stimulated the development of technically sound teams over several decades. To date, the Center has provided support services for 125 projects and has participated in establishing 44 contracts between the University and industry.  相似文献   

Invention in the city: Increasing returns to patenting as a scaling function of metropolitan size     

Luis M.A. Bettencourt  Deborah Strumsky 《Research Policy》2007,36(1):107-120

We investigate the relationship between patenting activity and the population size of metropolitan areas in the United States over the last two decades (1980-2001). We find a clear superlinear effect, whereby new patents are granted disproportionately in larger urban centers, thus showing increasing returns in inventing activity with respect to population size. We characterize this relation quantitatively as a power law with an exponent larger than unity. This phenomenon is commensurate with the presence of larger numbers of inventors in larger metropolitan areas, which we find follows a quantitatively similar superlinear relationship to population, while the productivity of individual inventors stays essentially constant across metropolitan areas. We also find that structural measures of the patent co-authorship network although weakly correlated to increasing rates of patenting, are not enough to explain them. Finally, we show that R&D establishments and employment in other creative professions also follow superlinear scaling relations to metropolitan population size, albeit possibly with different exponents.  相似文献   

History of Spanish Mathematics Education Focusing on PhD Theses     

Mónica Vallejo-Ruiz  Antonio Fernández-Cano  Manuel Torralbo  Alexander Maz  Luis Rico 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(2):313-327

This article offers an overview of mathematics education in Spain, analyzing the production of PhD theses over the last 30 years. This period has been divided into four cycles that describe the evolution of Spanish research in the field of mathematics education, together with changes in university and social politics. This paper also includes a forecast of the number of theses that will be produced over the next 7 years, thus predicting the future progress and development of this area of research.  相似文献   

An adaptive controller for nonlinear teleoperators with variable time-delays     

Ioannis Sarras  Emmanuel Nuño  Luis Basañez 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

In most real-life bilateral teleoperators the available physical parameters are uncertain and the communications exhibit variable time-delays. In order to confront these situations and only assuming that a bound of the time-delays is known, the present work reports an adaptive controller which ensures asymptotic convergence of both position errors and velocities to zero, provided that a sufficient condition on the control gains is met. Compared to previous related works that only treated constant time-delays, the stability analysis does not rely on the cascade interconnection structure of the local and remote nonlinear dynamics and the linear interconnection map. Instead, the paper employs a different Lyapunov candidate function that incorporates a strictly positive term, the local and remote position error. Some simulations, in free space and interacting with a rigid wall, and experiments, using two nonlinear manipulators, illustrate the performance of the proposed control scheme in the presence of uncertain parameters and variable time-delays.  相似文献   

Identification of biomedical journals in Spain and Latin America     

Xavier Bonfill  Dimelza Osorio  Margarita Posso  Ivan Sol  Gabriel Rada  Ania Torres  Marcelo García Dieguez  Maricela Pia‐Pozas  Luisa Díaz‐García  Mario Tristn  Omar Gandarilla  David A. Rincn‐Valenzuela  Arturo Martí  Ricardo Hidalgo  Daniel Simancas‐Racines  Luis Lpez  Ricardo Correa  Antonieta Rojas‐De‐Arias  Csar Loza   scar Gianneo  Hector Pardo   《Health information and libraries journal》2015,32(4):276-286

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Assessment of total body water and its compartments in elite judo athletes: comparison of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy with dilution techniques     

Ezequiel M. Gonçalves  Catarina N. Matias  Diana A. Santos  Luis B. Sardinha  Analiza M. Silva 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(6):634-640

Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an inexpensive and non-invasive technique to measure total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW). The purpose of this study was to validate TBW, ECW and ICW assessed by BIS, using dilution techniques as the reference method (REF) in elite judo athletes. Thirty-two Portuguese elite male judo athletes were evaluated during a period of weight stability. TBW, ECW and ICW were assessed by BIS (Xitron 4000). Deuterium and bromide dilution techniques were used as the criterion method for measuring TBW and ECW, while ICW was calculated as the difference between the two. BIS explained 96%, 77% and 94% of the total variability from REFs for TBW, ECW and ICW, respectively. BIS also demonstrated high precision (ρ ≥ 0.88) and accuracy (C_b = 0.98), with a minimum concordance coefficient correlation of 0.87 for ECW. The mean bias demonstrated that BIS slightly overestimated the REF in 1.1 kg (2.3%), 0.3 kg (1.6%) and 0.8 kg (2.7%) for TBW, ECW and ICW, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement ranged from ?1.2 to 3.3 kg in TBW, from ?1.8 to 2.4 kg in ECW and from ?1.0 to 2.6 kg in ICW. A non-significant trend was found between the difference and the mean of reference and alternative methods. These findings highlight the efficacy of BIS as a valid non-biased tool for the assessment of TBW and its compartments in elite male judo athletes, during a period of weight stability.  相似文献   

The effect of efficient professional development on the teaching of code-focused skills in beginner readers: exploring the impact of professional development intensity and coaching on student outcomes     

Martínez  Verónica  Castejón  Luis  González-Pumariega  Soledad 《Reading and writing》2022,35(7):1711-1730

Reading and Writing - Professional development (PD) of teachers working with students in the first years of learning to read is a privileged way of preventing initial reading difficulties and its...  相似文献   

English language teaching in public primary schools in Mexico: the practices and challenges of implementing a national language education program     

José Luis Ramírez Romero  Peter Sayer  Elva Nora Pamplón Irigoyen 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2014,27(8):1020-1043

Over the past 15?years, many state governments in Mexico have initiated local programs to introduce English at the primary school level. In 2009, the Mexican Ministry of Education formalized the Programa Nacional de Inglés en Educación Básica (PNIEB) as part of the national curriculum, based on the argument that increasing the number of English speakers in Mexico is necessary for the country to be globally competitive and to follow the trend in other developing economies of augmenting English instruction in public education. This paper focuses on the implementation of PNIEB and the state programs that preceded it. The authors document the practices and challenges associated with the program based on data collected from interviews with the main stakeholders involved (students and parents, teachers, school principals, and program coordinators) and from classroom observations. The total data-set consisted of over 200 interviews and classroom observations spread over several years from 2008 to 2012. Several challenges are described, including the development of materials, the role of English in relation to other subject areas, and the training of teachers who often speak English but have uneven formal preparation. The status of the teachers, both as second-class citizens within the schools and the instability and irregularities with their contracts, was identified as the most significant challenge to the successful implementation of the programs.  相似文献   

Enhancing Students’ Learning Process Through Self-Generated Tests     

Marcos Sanchez-Elez  Inmaculada Pardines  Pablo Garcia  Guadalupe Miñana  Sara Roman  Margarita Sanchez  Jose Luis Risco 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2014,23(1):15-25

The use of new technologies in higher education has surprisingly emphasized students’ tendency to adopt a passive behavior in class. Participation and interaction of students are essential to improve academic results. This paper describes an educational experiment aimed at the promotion of students’ autonomous learning by requiring them to generate test type questions related to the contents of the course. The main idea is to make the student feel part of the evaluation process by including students’ questions in the evaluation exams. A set of applications running on our university online learning environment has been developed in order to provide both students and teachers with the necessary tools for a good interaction between them. Questions uploaded by students are visible to every enrolled student as well as to each involved teacher. In this way, we enhance critical analysis skills, by solving and finding possible mistakes in the questions sent by their fellows. The experiment was applied over 769 students from 12 different courses. Results show that the students who have actively participated in the experiment have obtained better academic performance.  相似文献   

Prevalence of vulnerability and protective factors of sexual victimization     

Fuertes A  Ramos M  Martínez JL  López D  Tabernero C 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(7):799-814

English language abstract not available at time of publication.  相似文献