Autonomy and Authority in Public Research Organisations: Structure and Funding Factors     

Laura Cruz-Castro  Luis Sanz-Menéndez 《Minerva》2018,56(2):135-160

This paper establishes a structural typology of the organisational configurations of public research organisations which vary in their relative internal sharing of authority between researchers and managers; we distinguish between autonomous, heteronomous and managed research organisations. We assume that there are at least two sources of legitimate authority within research organisations, one derived from formal hierarchy (organisational leadership) and another derived from the research community (professional); the balance of authority between researchers and managers is essentially structural but is empirically mediated by the funding portfolio of organisations and the corresponding endowment of resources at the disposal of leaders or researchers. Changes in the level, sources and strings of organisational and individual research funding are expected to affect the balance of internal authority in different ways depending on the organisational configuration, and to open the door to the influence of external actors in the development of research agendas.  相似文献   

School and Community Wellness: Transforming Achievement Using a Holistic Orientation to Learning     

Rick Oser  Ellen Beck  Jose Luis Alvarado  Valerie Ooka Pang 《Multicultural Perspectives》2014,16(1):26-34

A comprehensive school and community wellness plan was developed and implemented to transform Lemon Grove Academy for the Sciences and Humanities, an urban school, where student achievement and faculty satisfaction has soared. The school has become the center for the local neighborhood where culture, language, and equity are valued. The school's Comprehensive Wellness Plan includes student wellness, family wellness, staff/faculty wellness, and environmental wellness.  相似文献   

Prediction of abandonment in Spanish fitness centres     

Iván Clavel San Emeterio  Jorge García-Unanue  Eliseo Iglesias-Soler  Jose Luis Felipe  Leonor Gallardo 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(2):217-224

Research question: The increase of physical exercise in fitness centres has turned these facilities in important active lifestyle promoters. However, only between 30% and 60% of subscribers still linked to the sports centre after a year. The aim of this study is to design a model to predict the drop out in fitness centres. Research methods: Monthly data corresponding to the actual behaviour of 14,522 members of three sport centres in Spain were recorded over the course of one year. In order to calculate the likelihood of drop out, logistic regressions were used to create predictive models for each centre. Results and findings: It was possible to predict abandonment of users of sport centres from their historical behaviour, although the predictive models obtained for each centre were not completely coincident. The effectiveness of the models was around 70%. Implications: The analysis of users’ behaviour in a fitness centre can allow to avoid the drop out and therefore the abandonment of physical activity. Segmenting the customers based on the likelihood of drop out may be useful for improving the effectiveness of the strategies of loyalty and for optimizing the organization of human and material resources.  相似文献   

Validity of a single lactate measure to predict fixed lactate thresholds in athletes     

Ibai Garcia-Tabar  Iñaki Llodio  Luis Sánchez-Medina  Xabier Asiain  Javier Ibáñez 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(4):385-392

This study aimed to validate the use of a single blood lactate concentration measure taken following a 12 km h^?1 running stage (BLC₁₂) to predict and monitor fixed blood lactate concentration (FBLC) thresholds. Three complementary studies were undertaken. Study I: the relationships between BLC₁₂ and the running speeds at FBLC of 3 mmol L^?1 (S3mM) and 4 mmol L^?1 (S4mM) measured during a multistage running field test were examined in 136 elite athletes. Study II: data from 30 athletes tested one year apart were used to test the predictive capacity of the equations obtained in Study I. Study III: 80 athletes were tested before and after an intensified training period to examine whether training-induced changes in FBLC thresholds could be predicted and monitored by BLC₁₂. Study I: BLC₁₂ was significantly (P < 0.001) and inversely related to S3mM (R² = 0.89) and S4mM (R² = 0.95). Study II: prediction models yielded robust correlations between the estimated and measured FBLC thresholds (r = 0.94–0.99; P < 0.001). Study III: estimated changes predicted actual training-induced changes in FBLC thresholds (r = 0.81–0.91; P < 0.001). This study gives empirical support to use a single lactate measure during a sub-maximal running field test as a simple, low-cost and practical alternative to FBLC thresholds in athletes.  相似文献   

Grade retention and school entry age in Spain: a structural problem     

Jerrim  John  Lopez-Agudo  Luis Alejandro  Marcenaro-Gutierrez  Oscar David 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2022,34(3):331-359

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - Grade retention has been the focus of the education debate in Spain for decades. On average, more than 30% of students have repeated at least...  相似文献