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111.
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Victor Davis Hanson 《Academic Questions》2017,30(4):456-459
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Joshua H. Guy Andrew M. Edwards Catherine M. Miller Glen B. Deakin David B. Pyne 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(16):1622-1628
Prospective application of serum cytokines, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and heat shock proteins (eHSPs) requires reliable measurement of these biomarkers that can signify exercise-induced heat stress in hot conditions. To accomplish this, both short-term (7 day) reliability (at rest, n = 12) and the acute responsiveness of each biomarker to exercise in the heat (pre and post 60-min cycling, 34.5°C and 70% RH, n = 20) were evaluated. Serum was analysed for the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), heat shock protein 72 (eHSP72), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and LPS. Test–retest reliability was determined as the coefficient of variation (CV). Biomarkers with the least short-term within-participant variation were IL-6 (19%, ±20%; CV, ±95% confidence limits (CL)) and LPS (23%, ±13%). Greater variability was observed for IgM, eHSP72 and CRP (CV range 28–38%). IL-6 exhibited the largest increase in response to acute exercise (95%, ±11%, P = < 0.001) and although CRP had a modest CV (12%, ±7%), it increased substantially post-exercise (P = 0.02, ES; 0.78). In contrast, eHSP72 and LPS exhibited trivial changes post-exercise. It appears variation of common inflammatory markers after exercise in the heat is not always discernible from short-term (weekly) variation. 相似文献
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The special issue aims at exploring, with an economic perspective, the interconnections between cultural participation, in all its expressions, and tourism organization and patterns with the purpose of understanding economic effects, emerging trends and policy implications. The expanding notion of the cultural consumption of tourists makes the definition of cultural tourism increasingly elusive. Empirical investigations of the relationships between cultural participation and cultural heritage and tourism offer interesting hints in many directions. This introduction briefly overviews the premise of this special issue, the literature and the several perspectives taken by the included articles. Aside from their cultural topics—general, intangible or temporary—these essays all tackle some important economic dimensions of tourism. We encourage cultural economists to invest more in these fascinating areas as more than just intellectual tourists. 相似文献
116.
Mark Brooke 《Sport in Society》2017,20(9):1297-1309
The study set out to understand the complex landscape of masculinities in Singapore. In particular, it sought to investigate whether, apart from the common muscular and powerful dominant form, there are traditional views of masculinity sustained by Chinese cultural influence, in particular, the culture of Chinese martial arts. Open-ended survey responses from 48 male and female Singaporean first and second year undergraduate students on a sport and critical thinking course were elicited and then followed up by focused online asynchronous discussions to further elaborate understandings. Informants reflected on elements that construct masculinity in Chinese martial arts and how these may differ to what they consider to be the dominant or hegemonic masculinity, related in particular to the body builder. Responses indicate that a residual culture persists nourished by traditional Chinese culture and that this is quite different to the contemporary male identities of metrosexuals and spornosexuals revered in the West. 相似文献
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Genevieve E. Maricle 《Minerva》2011,49(1):87-111
No matter one’s wealth or social position, all are subject to the threats of natural hazards. Be it fire, flood, hurricane,
earthquake, tornado, or drought, the reality of hazard risk is universal. In response, governments, non-profits, and the private
sector all support research to study hazards. Each has a common end in mind: to increase the resilience of vulnerable communities.
While this end goal is shared across hazards, the conception of how to get there can diverge considerably. The earthquake
and hurricane research endeavors in the US provide an illustrative contrast. The earthquake community sets out to increase
resilience through a research process that simultaneously promotes both high quality and usable – preparedness-focused - science.
In order to do so, the logic suggests that research must be collaborative, responsive, and transparent. Hurricane research,
by contrast, largely promotes high quality science – predictions - alone, and presumes that usability should flow from there.
This process is not collaborative, responsive, or transparent. Experience suggests, however, that the latter model – hurricane
research - does not prepare communities or decision makers to use the high quality science it has produced when a storm does
hit. The predictions are good, but they are not used effectively. Earthquake research, on the other hand, is developed through
a collaborative process that equips decision makers to know and use hazards research knowledge as soon as an earthquake hits.
The contrast between the two fields suggests that earthquake research is more likely to meet the end goal of resilience than
is hurricane research, and thus that communities might be more resilient to hurricanes were the model by which research is
funded and conducted to change. The earthquake research experience can provide lessons for this shift. This paper employs
the Public Value Mapping (PVM) framework to explore these two divergent public value logics, their end results, and opportunities
for improvement. 相似文献
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