Exploring undergraduates' understanding of photosynthesis using diagnostic question clusters     

Parker JM  Anderson CW  Heidemann M  Merrill J  Merritt B  Richmond G  Urban-Lurain M 《CBE life sciences education》2012,11(1):47-57

We present a diagnostic question cluster (DQC) that assesses undergraduates' thinking about photosynthesis. This assessment tool is not designed to identify individual misconceptions. Rather, it is focused on students' abilities to apply basic concepts about photosynthesis by reasoning with a coordinated set of practices based on a few scientific principles: conservation of matter, conservation of energy, and the hierarchical nature of biological systems. Data on students' responses to the cluster items and uses of some of the questions in multiple-choice, multiple-true/false, and essay formats are compared. A cross-over study indicates that the multiple-true/false format shows promise as a machine-gradable format that identifies students who have a mixture of accurate and inaccurate ideas. In addition, interviews with students about their choices on three multiple-choice questions reveal the fragility of students' understanding. Collectively, the data show that many undergraduates lack both a basic understanding of the role of photosynthesis in plant metabolism and the ability to reason with scientific principles when learning new content. Implications for instruction are discussed.  相似文献   

建立设计性生物工程综合实验培养大学生科技创新能力     

郑权  赵峰  荣龙  李德玉 《实验室研究与探索》2012,31(11)

为了让学生融会贯通掌握生物基础课程的实验方法,提高大学生的科技创新能力,建立了设计性生物工程综合实验课程.以“L-天冬酰胺酶在大肠杆菌中克隆与表达”作为实验课程题目,每个学生首先查阅文献,理解相关的实验原理并独立设计实验方案;随后每个学生按照自己制订的计划开展课程中每步实验,交流实验结果并提出试验改进方法;整个实验过程中,学生对科学研究的主动性,探索精神与创造性得到了充分的发挥.教学实践表明:以科研课题的方式让学生去独立完成整个实验,可有效培养学生科技创新能力,这对老师如何指导学生进行该类实验课程提供了有益的教学参考.  相似文献   

国家精品课程项目:利用开放教育资源提升本科教学质量     

侯爽  王龙 《开放教育研究》2012,(1):124-132

国家精品课程项目是中国高等教育领域的一项重大项目,旨在通过开放教育资源建设提升本科教学质量。西方研究者普遍认为,国家精品课程是受美国麻省理工学院开放课件项目(简称MIT OCW)启发的一种开放课程形式。本文以中国国家精品课程项目为研究主题,围绕项目的目标、运作实施、发展历程、启动背景、与MIT OCW的联系和差异等问题,采用文献研究、正式访谈、非正式交流等研究方法收集和分析研究资料,聚焦研究问题。论文提出基于开放教育资源的目的进行分类,将开放教育资源实践模式分为转变性的建设、直接使用、重新使用和公开/咨询四种类型,并利用这一分析框架讨论了中国国家精品课程项目和MIT OCW项目的异同。文章认为,国家精品课程项目是中国独立应对国内挑战的决策,而不是引进的开放课程模式;中国和北美地区对大学教学的认识非常不同,中国高等教育既借鉴了历史上法国重教学和德国重研究的大学模式,又结合了利用"榜样"、注重团队建设提升质量的传统。这使得国家精品课程项目具有独特的体制优势,与其他开放教育资源项目相区别,而且难以在北美地区执行,但这也有助于启发我们重新思考北美的大学教学及其改革。  相似文献   

Education,policy and poverty reduction     

Mark Mason 《International Journal of Educational Development》2012

  相似文献   

社会心理学视角下的大学制度改革     

王龙 《辽宁教育研究》2012,(12):22-26

大学制度改革本身是人的一种社会实践活动,必然会受到人的个体心理和群体心理的影响与制约。相对于政治、经济和文化等因素,社会心理因素对大学制度改革的影响是潜在而持久的。因此,在社会心理学视角下研究大学制度改革,有助于理解我国目前建立现代大学制度存在的困境,并对我国如何顺利地推进大学制度改革具有重要意义。  相似文献   

几种提取热带假丝酵母总RNA方法比较     

龙燕  杨升 《实验技术与管理》2012,29(9):48-50

选择Trizol法、热酚法、酵母RNA提取试剂盒法3种方法提取热带假丝酵母总RNA,通过对总RNA进行质量浓度和纯度分析,比较不同方法对热带假丝酵母总RNA提取的影响.结果表明:使用酵母RNA提取试剂盒法提取热带假丝酵母总RNA是较为有效且简便的方法.  相似文献   

The Philippines,the East Asian ‘developmental states’ and education: a comparative analysis of why the Philippines failed to develop     

Mark Maca 《Compare》2012,42(3):461-484

After WWII, the economic prospects of the Philippines, then the second-largest economy in Asia, were viewed positively, but by the mid-1970s it had become Asia’s developmental puzzle for its failure to sustain economic growth. In contrast during the same period, regional neighbours, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore, achieved previously unknown levels of economic growth and were dubbed the ‘East Asian Tigers’. This article analyses the post-war development of the Philippines, focusing on the role that education played, and contrasts it with the East Asian Tigers. It is argued that the Philippines was distinctive in the state’s failure to exercise strong central control, especially of the education system, which was neither harnessed to promote economic development nor national unity. The status quo, which has its origins in a plantation economy, prevailed, and this ensured the country remained an unequal and impoverished democracy.  相似文献   

Estimating Classification Consistency and Accuracy for Cognitive Diagnostic Assessment     

Ying Cui  Mark J. Gierl  Hua‐Hua Chang 《Journal of Educational Measurement》2012,49(1):19-38

This article introduces procedures for the computation and asymptotic statistical inference for classification consistency and accuracy indices specifically designed for cognitive diagnostic assessments. The new classification indices can be used as important indicators of the reliability and validity of classification results produced by cognitive diagnostic assessments. For tests with known or previously calibrated item parameters, the sampling distributions of the two new indices are shown to be asymptotically normal. To illustrate the computations of the new indices, we apply them to the real diagnostic data from a fraction subtraction test (Tatsuoka). We also use simulated data to evaluate their performances and distributional properties.  相似文献   

Testing a motivational model of achievement: How students’ mathematical beliefs and interests are related to their achievement     

Brett D. Jones  Jesse L. M. Wilkins  Margaret H. Long  Feihong Wang 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2012,27(1):1-20

Blackwell et al. (Child Development 78(1):246–263, 2007) tested a motivational model of achievement in which an incremental theory of intelligence leads to learning goals and positive effort beliefs, which leads to fewer ability-based, helpless attributions, and more positive strategies, which leads to improved grades. In the present study, we tested this model by using a different population, using domain-specific items, comparing the results across gender, including “interest” as another variable in the model, and assessing the impact of achievement as an antecedent and outcome variable in the model. Participants included 163, mostly White, ninth-grade Algebra students from a suburban school in southwest Virginia, USA. We established that the model had a relatively good fit to the data and all paths were statistically significant when achievement was used as both an antecedent and outcome variable. The standardized path coefficients were consistent with those reported by Blackwell et al. and the model was invariant across genders. Furthermore, we documented that interest could be included as another mediating variable in the model. The results of this study provide evidence to support the validity of the relationships between the constructs in the Blackwell et al. model for the population examined.  相似文献   

Beyond Warmth and Conflict: The Developmental Utility of a Boundary Conceptualization of Sibling Relationship Processes     

Sonnette M. Bascoe  Patrick T. Davies  E. Mark Cummings 《Child development》2012,83(6):2121-2138

Translating relationship boundaries conceptualizations to the study of sibling relationships, this study examined the utility of sibling enmeshment and disengagement in predicting child adjustment difficulties in a sample of 282 mothers and adolescents (mean age = 12.7 years). Mothers completed a semistructured interview at the first measurement occasion to assess sibling interaction patterns. Adolescents, mothers, and teachers reported on children’s adjustment problems across 2 annual waves of assessment. Supporting the incremental utility of a boundary conceptualization of sibling relationships, results of latent difference score analyses indicated that coder ratings of sibling enmeshment and disengagement uniquely predicted greater adolescent adjustment difficulties even after taking into account standard indices of sibling relationship quality (i.e., warmth and conflict) and sibling structural characteristics (e.g., sex).  相似文献