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41.
Summary Increasing uncertainty about economic and social developments is a definitive feature of globalization in advanced economies.
However, increasing uncertainty does not impact all regions, states, organizations or individuals in the same way. There are
institutional settings and social structures, historically grown and country-specific, that determine the degree to which
people are affected by rising uncertainty. This paper develops a multilevel theoretical framework and summarizes the main
empirical results from the first phase of the international research project GLOBALIFE. There is empirical evidence that youth
in all countries are clearly exposed to more uncertainty in the course of globalization. Yet uncertainty is unequal, with
risk accumulating in certain groups, generally those at the bottom. Uncertainty impacts family formation, with those in more
precarious positions more likely to postpone or forgo partnership and parenthood. Youth develop rational responses to this
uncertainty, which we identified in the form of diverse behavioral strategies. A notable result is that young men and women
are affected and respond differently to uncertainty, resulting in an unmistakable gender-specific strategy, particularly in
the male-breadwinner societies. We show overwhelming support for the expectation that nation-specific institutions serve to
shield or funnel this uncertainty in unique ways and to particular groups of youth.
Globalisierung, Ungewissheit und Wandel in Lebensl?ufen Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener
Zusammenfassung Globalisierung, Ungewissheit und Wandel in Lebensl?ufen Jugendlicher und junger Erwachsener Zunehmende Flexibilit?tserfordemisse und wachsende Unsicherheiten bezüglich ?konomischer und sozialer Entwicklungen sind ein wesentliches Merkmal des Globalisierungsprozesses in modernen Gesellschaften. Diese Unsicherheiten betreffen aber nicht alle Regionen, Staaten, Organisationen und Individuen in derselben Weise. Historisch gewachsene, l?nderspezifische Institutionen und soziale Strukturen kanalisieren diese Prozesse und bestimmen die Intensit?t, in der die Individuen den wachsenden globalen Unsicherheiten ausgesetzt sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt eine Mehrebenen-Theorie für diese Prozesse und fasst die ersten empirischen Ergebnisse des GLOBALIFE-Projekts, das sich zun?chst mit den Effekten der Globalisierung auf den übergang vom Jugendlichen zum Erwachsenen besch?ftigt hat, kurz zusammen. Die international vergleichende Studie liefert insbesondere Belege dafür, dass vor allem Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene den Ver?nderungen durch den Globalisierungsprozess besonders stark ausgesetzt sind. Wachsende Unsicherheiten werden vor allem auf sie abgew?lzt und Flexibilisierungsbestrebungen gehen insbesondere zu ihren Lasten. Dabei kumulieren diese Risiken bei den benachteiligten Gruppen, die sich am wenigsten wehren k?nnen. Vermittelt über die wachsenden Unsicherheiten in den Besch?ftigungsverh?ltnissen ergeben sich auch indirekte Wirkungen für die Familienbildung. Junge Leute mit befristeten Besch?ftigungsverh?ltnissen, Teilzeitarbeit oder anderen prek?ren Arbeitsverh?ltnissen entwickeln neue Strategien, schieben ihre Familienbildung deutlich auf, optieren vermehrt für nicht-eheliche und damit flexiblere Partnerschaften oder verzichten sogar ganz auf Kinder. In diesem Zusammenhang zeigen sich auch deutliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede, vor allem in den L?ndern mit eher traditionellem Familiensystem.相似文献
42.
Megan Madigan Peercy Melinda Martin-Beltran 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(7):657-673
The inclusion of language learners and the imperative to meet the needs of English language learners in the mainstream classroom call upon teachers of English for speakers of other languages (ESOL teachers) and mainstream teachers to work together; however, little research has been done in US contexts to understand collaborative efforts between ESOL and mainstream teachers. Research thus far has focused on the inclusion of English language learners (ELLs), but this paper argues that we need to look more closely at the inclusion of teachers of ELLs, by examining how three ESOL teachers and three of their mainstream counterparts envision their work as collaborative. We found that when pairs envisioned their work as collaborative, they created a synergy that constructed a broader network of resources for ELLs by bringing together more people, materials, ideas and abilities than either teacher was able to generate alone. This network allowed both teachers in the pair to become part of a larger conversation, and connected both teachers to others who were working to foster the academic success of ELLs. 相似文献
43.
Andy J. King Jakob D. Jensen Nick Carcioppolo Melinda M. Krakow Ye Sun 《Mass Communication and Society》2013,16(6):753-775
Determining what factors predict media learning is an important avenue of research for the field of mass communication. The present study provides a comparative investigation of two models of media learning: the cognitive mediation model and the information utility model. Participants (N = 1,076) read a news article related to scientific discoveries relevant to cancer prevention and responded to all constructs of the two models. Recognition and comprehension were used to measure knowledge acquisition. Results generally support previous predictions of each model, though predicted variance remains small. In addition to testing the existing models, a modified cognitive mediation model using a key construct related to information utility—perceived relevance—was tested. The refined cognitive mediation model offered a more nuanced understanding of certain causal mechanisms but did not result in a meaningful change in predictive power of the model. Implications of the theoretical comparison and integration are discussed. 相似文献
44.
Kenneth K. Sereno Melinda Welch David Braaten 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(1-2):128-143
Using a 3x3 factorial design, nine scenarios were developed in which a spouse had either a strong, moderate, or weak justification for becoming angry at a subject who was instructed to assume the role of the other spouse. In each senario, the spouse confronted the subject and expressed anger in one of three ways: assertively, aggressively, or non‐assertively. Subjects responded to the spouse's expression of anger on scales measuring perceptions of appropriateness, competence, and satisfaction. Findings contradicted conventional wisdom and research findings on assertive communication. Implications of the results along with suggestions for future research were offered. 相似文献
45.
Melinda Mechur Karp Julia Raufman Chris Efthimiou Nancy Ritze 《Community College Journal of Research & Practice》2013,37(1):42-55
ABSTRACTIn response to strikingly low completion rates in public 2-year colleges, including for students who are well-prepared academically, most community colleges across the country offer student success courses as one approach to improving outcomes for students. Some colleges have begun to revise these courses in response to research indicating that their impact fades over time. This article examines Bronx Community College’s efforts to restructure their student success course into a First Year Seminar (FYS) that integrates college orientation activities, disciplinary content, and academic success skills. The course emphasizes student-centered pedagogies in order to encourage learning that persists beyond the semester of participation. We use mixed methods to assess the early outcomes of students in FYS courses and understand whether and why the course’s impact has the potential to be sustained. Using propensity score matching to compare 1,138 FYS participants to 1,138 similar nonparticipants, we find early evidence that the FYS approach leads to positive outcomes, including higher grade point averages (GPA) and earning more credits. Using classroom observations (N = 40), instructor interviews (N = 10), and interviews with participants (N = 27), we find that FYS appears to facilitate student-centered, contextualized, and applied learning, thereby helping students apply their FYS-related skills in future courses. This study has implications for reforming student success courses in a way that achieves long-term positive student outcomes. 相似文献
46.
Sharon L. Mitchell Mahrin Kader Melinda Z. Haggerty Yogesh D. Bakhai Calvert G. Warren 《Journal of College Counseling》2013,16(1):49-63
The authors sought to identify college students at risk for experiencing a mental health crisis that warranted a psychiatric evaluation at a hospital and/or a psychiatric hospitalization. A retrospective chart review of college students evaluated at a comprehensive psychiatric emergency program during a 1‐year period was conducted. Demographic variables, mental health treatment history, diagnosis, and hospital discharge plans were found to predict those students likely to be hospitalized and those likely to have positive discharge outcomes. 相似文献
47.
48.
Vicki J. Rosser Jill M. Hermsen Ketevan Mamiseishvili Melinda S. Wood 《Higher Education》2007,54(4):525-542
The purpose of this research is to examine the impact that Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS) is having
on the professional worklives of international student and scholar advisors (ISSAs) on U.S. college and university campuses.
ISSAs are clearly satisfied with their work and hold their institutions in high regard. However, SEVIS is having a profound
effect on their morale, satisfaction, and their likelihood to leave the field. That is, SEVIS (i.e., reporting, training,
time) and the quality of worklife (i.e., professional activities and career development, recognition for competence and their
expertise, external and intra-department relationships, perceptions of discrimination) are important to ISSAs, and thus have
a strong effect on their level of satisfaction and/or morale, and their subsequent intentions to stay or leave their career/profession. 相似文献
49.
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of emotions on athletic performance within the frameworks of the Individual Zones of Optimal Functioning (IZOF) model and the directional perception approach. Intensity, functional impact, and hedonic tone of trait and state anxiety, self-confidence, idiosyncratic emotions, and bodily symptoms were assessed in high-level Italian swimmers and track and field athletes (N = 56). Three standards of performance (poor, average, and good), derived from retrospective self-ratings across one to three competitions (a total of 90 observations), were used as independent variables in the analysis of variance of intensity, intra-individual, and direction scores of anxiety, self-confidence, idiosyncratic emotions, and bodily symptoms. Subsequently, intra-individual scores were categorized as near to or distant from optimal/dysfunctional zones and entered as the independent variable in the analysis of direction scores. The results provided support for the predictions stemming from both the IZOF model and the directional approach, as well as help in interpreting direction of anxiety and other idiosyncratic emotions within the IZOF framework. Athletes tended to perceive emotional levels approximating an individual's optimal zone as facilitative-pleasant, and emotional levels approximating an individual's dysfunctional zone as debilitative-unpleasant. 相似文献
50.
Jerry R. Thomas Beverly Mitchell Melinda A. Solmon 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):687-698
In motor skill performance and retention the complexity of knowledge of results should interact with the child's processing rate. This rate has been demonstrated to increase with age. Two experiments were designed to assess this hypothesis. In Experiment 1, 30 7-year-old and 30 10-year-old boys were randomly assigned within age level to three knowledge of results (KR) conditions: no KR, general KR, and precise KR. Performance was assessed on a vertical positioning task at two angles, 60° and 100°, for 10 performance trials. The preciseness of KR interacted with age and the degree of the angle, indicating that at the more difficult angle (60°) preciseness may have been detrimental to the performance of the 7-year-olds but beneficial to the 10-year-olds. At the easier angle (100°), precise KR improved performance for both age groups. In Experiment 2, 27 second-grade and 27 fourth-grade children were randomly assigned within age groups to the same three levels of KR preciseness. A horizontal curvilinear positioning task was used as the motor task and subjects were given 40 acquisition and 19 KR withdrawal trials. Results suggested that while KR was better than no KR during learning, the level of KR preciseness was of minor importance. However, the preciseness of KR during acquisition was of considerable value after KR was withdrawn (retention phase). The older children were able to use more precise KR to form a perceptual trace more resistant to forgetting, while the younger children were unable to use the additional information contained in precise KR. 相似文献