Access and equity in financing higher education: The case of Morocco     

Mohammed Bougroum  Aomar Ibourk 《Prospects》2011,41(1):115-134

This paper explores the higher education financing policy in Morocco in light of the central issue of equity. First, it surveys the current situation, using a critical approach to the present financing policy, and looking at the three dimensions of adequacy, efficiency, and equity. Second, it describes the principal policy challenges in financing higher education. Third, it presents several public policy proposals likely to bring changes to the financing policy in order to meet these challenges. The analysis shows that the sustainability and the equity of the current financing system are undermined by the dysfunctions introduced by the private/public split in the higher education system and the lack of a clear political strategy pertaining to the medium of instruction.  相似文献   

Tensions experienced by teachers and their views of support for pupils with autism spectrum disorders in mainstream schools     

Mahmoud M. Emam 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2013,28(4):407-422

The number of pupils with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) who receive their education in mainstream schools in the UK has increased considerably over the last 10 years. Despite this increase, teachers and other support staff face a number of challenges in order to ensure that these inclusive arrangements bring maximum benefits to the children themselves, their parents and the school community as a whole. In this study we explore some of the tensions that teachers in mainstream schools may experience, many of which reflect the unique problems that the inclusion of pupils with ASD can present. In addition, we explore how these tensions may shape their views of support arrangements for those pupils. We observed 17 pupils with ASD ranging from 7 to 16 years, all of whom were placed in a regular class in one of eight mainstream schools on a full‐time basis, and carried out interviews with their teachers, teaching assistants (TAs) and special educational needs coordinator. Findings suggest that tensions reported by school staff are inherently shaped by the ASD‐related manifestations, particularly those pertaining to their difficulties in social and emotional understanding. These tensions determine the quality of the transactions and interactions between the teachers and the pupils with ASD. Based on these tensions, teachers form their views of the type of support that is needed for those pupils. Evidence from the data suggests that, in order for these tensions to be kept at manageable proportions, teachers rely heavily on the TA, whose role in working closely with the pupil is perceived as being indispensable. Building on the study’s findings, we suggest a generic conceptualization for the successful inclusion of pupils with ASD, which is grounded in the systems theory perspective of the relationship between the teachers and these children.  相似文献   

The English Translation of Arabic Puns in the Holy Quran     

Mohammed H. Al Aqad  Ahmad Arifin Bin Sapar  Mohamad Bin Hussin  Ros Aiza Mohd Mokhtar  Abd Hakim Mohad 《Journal of Intercultural Communication Research》2019,48(3):243-256

The pun is a tricky use of a word or phrase which has very different meanings that are closely interrelated, or of words with the same sound but different meanings. The Pun is a term with a dual meaning: “close” using obvious reference, and “far” using obscure reference. The hidden is usually meant. The close meaning is the sooner that comes to the listener’s mind. However, the speaker targets at the far one yet use the close to hide it. Translating the Quran text always raises several serious challenges in translation; these challenges are due to the different translations of puns and the misinterpretations between the intended meanings of a pun with their basic concepts, which could result in a certain amount of ambiguity. The study examines the Quranic corpus and its three versions of English translations. The study utilizes the typology of Delabastita?s for horizontal puns, Nida’s techniques of dynamic and formal equivalent and Newmark’s translation methods. This research attempts to investigate the semantic meaning of puns in the Quran translation and to define the translation techniques applied in translating the Quranic puns from Arabic into English.  相似文献   

The acute effects of resistance exercise on the main determinants of blood rheology   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Ahmadizad S  El-Sayed MS 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(3):243-249

The aim of this study was to examine short-term changes in blood rheological variables after a single bout of resistance exercise. Twenty-one healthy males completed three sets of 5 - 7 repetitions of six exercises at an intensity corresponding to 80% of one-repetition maximum (1-RM). The average duration of the exercise bout was 35 min. Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 30 min of recovery and analysed for lactate, red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemoglobin, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen, total protein and albumin concentration. Plasma volume decreased 10.1% following resistance exercise. This occurred in parallel with an increase of 5.6%, 5.4% and 6.2% in red blood cell count, haemoglobin and haematocrit; respectively. Plasma viscosity increased from 1.55 +/- 0.01 to 1.64 +/- 0.01 mPa s immediately after resistance exercise before decreasing to 1.57 +/- 0.01 mPa s at the end of the recovery period. Similarly, fibrinogen, albumin and total protein increased significantly following resistance exercise. However, the rises in all these rheological parameters were transient and returned to pre-exercise values by the end of recovery. We conclude that a single session of heavy resistance exercise performed by normal healthy individuals alters blood rheological variables and that these changes are transient and could be attributed to exercise-induced haemoconcentration.  相似文献   

Proportional and combinatorial reasoning in two cultures     

Mohammed A. Kishta 《科学教学研究杂志》1979,16(5):439-443

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The administrative crisis in education in the Arab countries   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Mohammed A. El-Ghannam 《Prospects》1977,7(1):104-112

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Integrating External Knowledge to Supplement Training Data in Semi-Supervised Learning for Text Categorization     

Mohammed Benkhalifa  Abdelhak Mouradi  Houssaine Bouyakhf 《Information Retrieval》2001,4(2):91-113

Text Categorization (TC) is the automated assignment of text documents to predefined categories based on document contents. TC has been an application for many learning approaches, which prove effective. Nevertheless, TC provides many challenges to machine learning. In this paper, we suggest, for text categorization, the integration of external WordNet lexical information to supplement training data for a semi-supervised clustering algorithm which can learn from both training and test documents to classify new unseen documents. This algorithm is the Semi-Supervised Fuzzy c-Means (ssFCM). Our experiments use Reuters 21578 database and consist of binary classifications for categories selected from the 115 TOPICS classes of the Reuters collection. Using the Vector Space Model, each document is represented by its original feature vector augmented with external feature vector generated using WordNet. We verify experimentally that the integration of WordNet helps ssFCM improve its performance, effectively addresses the classification of documents into categories with few training documents and does not interfere with the use of training data.  相似文献   

Religious coping,meaning‐making and stress: perspective of support staff of children with disabilities in residential disability centres in Oman     

Mahmoud Emam  Muna Al‐Bahrani 《Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs》2016,16(2):102-112

Staff providing support to children with disabilities in residential disability centres in Oman are exposed to stressful work environments which may put them at an increased risk of burnout. Previous research has examined predictors of stress in disability support staff, but there is little consensus as the findings are inconclusive. Using a cross‐sectional design, a short survey examined religious coping styles, meaning and inner sense of peace, attitude to meaning in life, organisational religiousness practices and stress of 142 female disability support staff from community disability centres in Oman. Multiple regression analyses indicated that positive religious coping was more predictive of stress than negative religious coping. There was an association between meaning‐making and stress in disability support staff. Religious organisation explained most of the variance in stress scores and was the best predictor of stress in disability support staff. Implications of the study are discussed in relation to the role of both culture and religion.  相似文献   

基于需求和自我效能理论构建研究生英语分级教学新模式     

安静  茹克叶＆#;穆罕默德  许秀妍  高平 《中国地质教育》2014,(1):58-61

分级教学改革旨在解决公共研究生英语教学中存在的问题,改革无论学生英语水平如何、需求如何,都使用同一本教材、采用同一种教学模式、教授同一种课型的方式。本文采取针对硕士研究生的不同英语水平和不同主体关于英语学习的不同需求进行"有的放矢"、"因材施教"的教学新模式,目标是缩小研究生的英语语言知识与实际应用能力之间的差距,促进学生英语能力与其本领域的研究相结合。  相似文献   

Modeling and control of microgrid: An overview     

M.S. Mahmoud  S. Azher Hussain  M.A. Abido 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2014

A microgrid (MG) is a building block of future smart grid, it can be defined as a network of low voltage power generating units, storage devices and loads. System of systems (SoS) is another concept involving large scale integration of various systems. In this paper, we provide an overview of recent developments in modeling and control methods of microgrid as well as presenting the reason towards incorporating MG into the existing grid. Various SoS control strategies when applied to MG are discussed.  相似文献