Sex-related differences on objective tests among undergraduates     

Johnston Anderson 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1989,20(2):165-177

Objective tests, such as multiple-choice and relationship analysis questions, are often used in mathematics to assess certain ranges of skills and abilities. This article examines the performance of men and women students in mathematics at university level and shows that there are significant differences between the sexes.  相似文献   

UNDERSTANDING THE OTHER/UNDERSTANDING OURSELVES: TOWARD A CONSTRUCTIVE DIALOGUE ABOUT "PRINCIPLES' IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH     

Pamela A. Moss 《Educational theory》2005,55(3):263-283

The recent federal interest in advancing "scientifically based research," along with the National Research Council's 2002 report Scientific Research in Education ( SRE ), have provided space and impetus for a more general dialogue across discourse boundaries within the field of educational research. The goal of this article is to develop and illustrate principles for an educative dialogue across research discourses. I have turned to Gadamer's philosophical hermeneutics and the critical dialogue that surrounds it to seek guidance about how we might better understand one another's perspectives and learn more about ourselves through the encounter. To illustrate these principles, I consider the dialogue between SRE authors and critics that was published in Educational Researcher shortly after the release of the report. I focus in particular on one of the many issues about which misunderstandings seem to arise — the nature, status, and role of generalizations — and point to some instructive challenges that each of the articles seems to raise for the others. Finally, I propose what I argue is a more prudent aspiration for general principles in educational research: developing the principles through which open critique and debate across differences might occur and through which sound decisions about particular programs for research might be made.  相似文献   

Evaluating elements of career planning centers: Eight critical issues     

Mary J. Heppner Ph.D.  Joseph A. Johnston 《Journal of Career Development》1994,21(2):175-183

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A summer program designed to educate college students for careers in bioinformatics     

Krilowicz B  Johnston W  Sharp SB  Warter-Perez N  Momand J 《CBE life sciences education》2007,6(1):74-83

A summer program was created for undergraduates and graduate students that teaches bioinformatics concepts, offers skills in professional development, and provides research opportunities in academic and industrial institutions. We estimate that 34 of 38 graduates (89%) are in a career trajectory that will use bioinformatics. Evidence from open-ended research mentor and student survey responses, student exit interview responses, and research mentor exit interview/survey responses identified skills and knowledge from the fields of computer science, biology, and mathematics that are critical for students considering bioinformatics research. Programming knowledge and general computer skills were essential to success on bioinformatics research projects. General mathematics skills obtained through current undergraduate natural sciences programs were adequate for the research projects, although knowledge of probability and statistics should be strengthened. Biology knowledge obtained through the didactic phase of the program and prior undergraduate education was adequate, but advanced or specific knowledge could help students progress on research projects. The curriculum and assessment instruments developed for this program are available for adoption by other bioinformatics programs at http://www.calstatela.edu/SoCalBSI.  相似文献   

Toward a resolution of inconsistencies in the phonological deficit theory of reading disorders: phonological reading difficulties are more severe in high-IQ poor readers     

Johnston RS  Morrison M 《Journal of learning disabilities》2007,40(1):66-79

This study examined whether high- and low-IQ poor readers differed in patterns of reading performance. Ten-year-old poor readers with IQ scores of 110 and higher showed difficulty in taking a phonological approach to reading, failing to show an advantage in reading high-frequency regular versus irregular words and showing impaired nonword reading accuracy for their reading age. However, poor readers with IQ scores of 90 and below showed a more phonological approach to reading, with better reading of regular than irregular words of both high and low frequency, and with nonword reading skills slower than, but as accurate as, those of reading-age controls. We concluded that the high-IQ poor readers experienced difficulty in taking a phonological approach to reading, whereas the low-IQ poor readers had much less marked phonological problems, supporting Stanovich's phonological-core variable-difference model.  相似文献   

Science Education Research in the Caribbean: Retrospect and Prospect     

Pamela Fraser-Abder 《Studies in Science Education》2013,49(1):219-227

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Learning to ask,listen, and analyse: using structured interviewing assignments to develop reflection in preservice science teachers     

Deborah J. Trumbull  Mary Johnston Slack 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(2):129-142

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Book reviews     

Ron Johnston 《Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education》2013,17(4):115-118

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An Investigation into the Nature of Inclusion Problem-Solving Teams     

Pamela Williamson  James McLeskey 《The Teacher Educator》2013,48(4):316-334

This investigation addressed the use of problem-solving teams (PST) to support general education teachers working in inclusive classrooms. Eight teams in a high-poverty elementary school that had recently implemented an inclusive program were the focus of the study. Teachers noted several benefits of PSTs, including social support, learning new instructional approaches, obtaining practical help with problems, and improving practice through reflection. However, there were several problems with the teams, primarily related to the logistics of team meetings. Finally, analysis of teacher dialogue revealed several features of meetings that contributed to meeting productivity. The implications of these findings for practice are discussed.  相似文献   

Development and Use of a Conceptual Survey in Introductory Quantum Physics     

Sura Wuttiprom  Ian D. Johnston  Ratchapak Chitaree  Chernchok Soankwan 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(5):631-654

Conceptual surveys have become increasingly popular at many levels to probe various aspects of science education research such as measuring student understanding of basic concepts and assessing the effectiveness of pedagogical material. The aim of this study was to construct a valid and reliable multiple‐choice conceptual survey to investigate students’ understanding of introductory quantum physics concepts. We examined course syllabi to establish content coverage, consulted with experts to extract fundamental content areas, and trialled open‐ended questions to determine how the selected content areas align with students’ difficulties. The questions were generated and trialled with different groups of students. Each version of the survey was critiqued by a group of discipline and teaching experts to establish its validity. The survey was administered to 312 students at the University of Sydney. Using the data from this sample, we performed five statistical tests (item difficulty index, item discrimination index, item point biserial coefficient, KR‐21 reliability test, and Ferguson’s delta) to evaluate the test’s reliability and discriminatory power. The result indicates that our survey is a reliable test. This study also provided data from which preliminary findings were drawn on students’ understandings of introductory quantum physics concepts. The main point is that questions which require an understanding of the standard interpretations of quantum physics are more challenging for students than those grouped as non‐interpretative. The division of conceptual questions into interpretive and non‐interpretive needs further exploration.  相似文献