Sensitive periods in the development of attachment and the age of entry into day care     

Dario Varin  Cristina Riva Crugnola  Paola Molina  Chiara Ripamonti 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1996,11(2):215-229

This study investigated how the age of entry into regular group day care may influence, in the context of other relevant variables, some short-time outcomes of this experience. In particular the study focused on behaviours expressing well-being or discomfort in the day care environment during the third year. Subjects were 129 young children who were enrolled in group day care when they were 6–29 months old. During their third year their social behaviour was evaluated by caregivers with the Day Care Adaptation Scale. Researchers observed 54 of the children in reunion with their parents. The quality of care was rated with the ITERS scale. It was found that children who started day care in the intervals 6–12 months and 18–23 months displayed more frequently difficult reunions with their mothers, and were rated as less resistant to frustration. Children who started day care from 12–17 months showed lower relational distress. Some significant relationships were found between the ratings of ITERS and the Day Care Adaptation Scale. These findings are discussed with reference to theories of attachment.  相似文献   

Hope and anxiety in physics class: Exploring their motivational antecedents and influence on metacognition and performance          下载免费PDF全文

Antonio González  María‐Victoria Carrera Fernández  Paola‐Verónica Paoloni 《科学教学研究杂志》2017,54(5):558-585

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Teachers’ guidance,family participation and track choice: the educational disadvantage of immigrant students in Italy     

Paola Bonizzoni  Cristina Cavallo 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2016,37(5):702-720

In Italy, as in other European countries, students of foreign origin are over-represented in the vocational school tracks, with relevant consequences on their limited chances of attaining a university degree. While research has long underlined the weight that a family’s social, cultural and economic capital has on a child’s school performance, educational expectations and choices, the role that school and teachers themselves play in the transition from lower to upper secondary school has been rarely explored in Italian sociological research. The present study aims to bridge this gap in the literature, showing how teachers’ orienting practices, interacting with highly differentiated patterns of family participation in the school guidance process, can play a relevant role in reproducing foreign-origin students’ segregation into the lower tracks of the school system.  相似文献   

Adapting Reform Ideas in Different Mathematics Classrooms: Beliefs Beyond Mathematics   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paola Sztajn 《Journal of Mathematics Teacher Education》2003,6(1):53-75

The goals of this study are to understandelementary school teachers' beliefs andpractices and to unveil factors that influencethe way teachers adapt mathematics reformrhetoric when trying to adopt it. In theresearch, I searched for beliefs beyondmathematics that influence teachers' decisionsand choices for teaching mathematics. Workingwith children from different socioeconomicbackgrounds, teachers interpret reform indifferent ways. Based on their concept of students' needs, teachers select which partsof the reform documents are appropriate fortheir students. While children from uppersocioeconomic backgrounds experience problemsolving, those from lower socioeconomicbackgrounds undergo rote learning. Because notall children have the opportunity to learn thesame quality mathematics, the emerging concernof this study is the issue of equity inmathematics teaching.  相似文献   

Social marking of cognitive operations. The effect of different social rules     

Paola De Paolis  Vittorio Girotto 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1987,2(3):219-231

The present study is concerned with assessing whether social marking (i.e. the correspondence between the correct solution of a task and some known social rule) is a mechanism of cognitive progress which depends on specific forms of rule represented in the task material. Results of an experiment on a spatial transformation task (N=sixty-four non-conserving 5–6-year-olds) showed no significantly different levels of cognitive progress for subjects who transformed the spatial arrangement of a classroom or of a theatre. Significant difference emerged only when a deviation from the normally regulated arrangement were represented. In the condition where the deviation concerned the theatre subjects showed the lower level of progress. It was concluded that the beneficial effect of social marking may depend on the form of rule represented. Results were discussed with respect to children’s knowledge of the relative alterability of different types of rules.  相似文献   

Brain Processes in Mothers and Nulliparous Women in Response to Cry in Different Situational Contexts: A Default Mode Network Study     

Paola Rigo  Gianluca Esposito  Marc H. Bornstein  Nicola De Pisapia  Corinna Manzardo  Paola Venuti 《Parenting, science and practice》2019,19(1-2):69-85

SYNOPSIS

Objective: In everyday life, parents must respond to and interact with children while in different situational contexts. How situational contexts influence parents’ responses has not been systematically studied. Here we investigated mothers’ versus nonmothers’ neural responses to infant vocalizations in different situations with different task demands. Design: Using fMRI in 21 women (10 mothers), we explored the effects of being distracted by self-oriented (self-referential decisions about personality adjectives) versus goal-oriented (syllabic counting of personality adjectives) tasks while listening to infant cry in comparison with other emotional sounds (infant laughing, adult crying) on the activity of two medial nodes of the Default Mode Network (DMN): the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Results: In the self-oriented task while listening to infant cry, both mothers and nulliparas showed (weak) activation of the DMN; this response likely reflects a shift of attention from the task to the cry. In the goal-oriented task, mothers, not nulliparas, showed (weak) activation of the DMN; this result is compatible with interference of emotional sounds while attending to a goal-oriented task, an activity that deactivates the DMN. Conclusions: Mothers are prone to process infant cry and emotional sounds and are less distracted from doing so by situational contexts, demonstrating their greater sensitivity to emotional sounds such as cry. By contrast, situational context influenced brain responses to infant sounds in nulliparas.  相似文献   

Self-Cognition and Parental Brain     

Paola Rigo  Gianluca Esposito  Marc H. Bornstein  Nicola De Pisapia  Paola Venuti 《Parenting, science and practice》2019,19(1-2):97-100

SYNOPSIS

A key feature of parenting is that it is observable starting from behaviors that are performed daily by adult caregivers during repeated interactions with the child. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on parental brain should integrate settings that resemble ecologies of situations in which parents typically care for children. However, as our commentators point out, ecological settings in fMRI research are challenging and require a multiperspective approach that systematically considers psychological and behavioral complexities of “mommy brain” to better understand how contingent mental states of mothers articulate with specific multi-tasking situations.  相似文献   

Inventors and invention processes in Europe: Results from the PatVal-EU survey     

Paola Giuri  Myriam Mariani  Gustavo Crespi  Dominique Francoz  Walter Garcia-Fontes  Raul Gonzales  Karin Hoisl  Alessandra Luzzi  Lionel Nesta  Önder Nomaler  Pari Patel  Bart Verspagen 《Research Policy》2007,36(8):1107-1127

Based on a survey of the inventors of 9017 European patented inventions, this paper provides new information about the characteristics of European inventors, the sources of their knowledge, the importance of formal and informal collaborations, the motivations to invent, and the actual use and economic value of the patents.  相似文献   

In-service teachers’ attitudes,concerns, efficacy and intentions to teach in inclusive classrooms: an international comparison of Australian and Italian teachers     

Umesh Sharma  Paola Aiello  Erika Marie Pace  Penny Round  Pearl Subban 《欧洲特需教育杂志》2018,33(3):437-446

The paper examined whether in-service teachers from Australia to Italy differ in terms of their attitudes, concerns, efficacy beliefs and intentions to include learners with disabilities in their classrooms. An attempt was also made to determine predictors of the participants’ intentions to include learners with disabilities in their classrooms. Participants for the study consisted of 153 Australian and 156 Italian in-service teachers. Results revealed that Italian teachers had significantly more positive attitudes, lower degree of concerns and higher level of intentions to implement inclusion in their classrooms. In both countries, attitudes and efficacy emerged as significant predictors of participants’ intentions to include learners with disabilities in regular classrooms. Reasons that could explain differences in the teachers’ beliefs from the two countries are explained using historical-cultural and legal frameworks prevalent in Australia and Italy. Implications of the findings for policy-makers, university teachers and researchers are presented that may have relevance in guiding the implementation of inclusive education in Australia, Italy and beyond.  相似文献   

Psychometric properties and optimizing of the Bracken School Readiness Assessment     

De Almeida Maia  Denise  Pohl  Steffi  Okuda  Paola Matiko Martins  Liu  Ting  Puglisi  Marina Leite  Ploubidis  George  Eid  Michael  Cogo-Moreira  Hugo 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2022,34(2):227-239

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability - The Bracken School Readiness Assessment (BSRA) has been used in large studies such as the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). Important...  相似文献