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981.
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This study examined the utility of the MAT-SF and the DAP: A Quantitative Scoring System as screening instruments for mental retardation. In this study, 46 normals and 39 developmentally handicapped (DH) 4th- and 5th-grade students were group administered both screening tests and individually administered an achievement test, the KTEA. The results found the MAT-SF to correlate significantly with all areas of achievement for both groups, whereas the DAP did not correlate significantly with any areas of achievement for the normal group but correlated significantly with math, but not reading, for the developmentally handicapped students. The results support the use of the MAT-SF as a screening instrument for mental retardation, whereas the usefulness of the DAP is not as clear. 相似文献
985.
In Western societies scientists are increasingly expected to seek media exposure and cooperate with industry. Little attention
has been given to the way such expectations affect the role of scientific experts in society. To investigate scientists’ own
perspectives on these issues eight exploratory, in-depth interviews were conducted in Denmark with reputable nutrition scientists.
Additionally, eight interviews were held with ‘key informants’ from the field of nutrition policy. It was found that nutrition
scientists experience two dilemmas: first, between their aspiration to make a collective impact on public health and the powerful
incentives of each to appear frequently in the media with new messages; second, between their need to cooperate with the food
industry for financial reasons and their fear that this may compromise their independence and scientific integrity. It is
argued that the dilemmas identified in this study should be dealt with openly by the relevant groups of scientists. 相似文献
986.
The development of peak performances is a main research focus in sports science. It is unclear how many former top junior athletes achieve success in the elite class later. The aim of the present study was to examine the careers of athletes who participated in major junior or adult/elite cycling events using prospective and retrospective analysis of competition results. The official results of major junior (age < or = 18 years) and elite (age > 18 years) cycling races from 1980 to 2004 were analysed. Age-related aspects, career lengths, and success were compared between riders who presented results in both junior and elite races (JUNIOR ELITE) and riders who had no junior race results (ELITE ONLY). Altogether, 27,454 results of 8004 athletes from 108 countries were collected. We found that 29.4% of the elite athletes had participated in junior World Championships, and that 34% of the participants in junior World Championships later participated in major elite competitions. JUNIOR ELITE athletes are significantly more successful in several cycling disciplines and have their first and last elite result at a younger age than ELITE ONLY athletes. No difference was found in career lengths. The data presented here emphasize the importance of long-term training programmes in the development of peak performance in cycling. 相似文献
987.
Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite football player 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In soccer, the players perform intermittent work. Despite the players performing low-intensity activities for more than 70% of the game, heart rate and body temperature measurements suggest that the average oxygen uptake for elite soccer players is around 70% of maximum (VO(2max). This may be partly explained by the 150 - 250 brief intense actions a top-class player performs during a game, which also indicates that the rates of creatine phosphate (CP) utilization and glycolysis are frequently high during a game. Muscle glycogen is probably the most important substrate for energy production, and fatigue towards the end of a game may be related to depletion of glycogen in some muscle fibres. Blood free-fatty acids (FFAs) increase progressively during a game, partly compensating for the progressive lowering of muscle glycogen. Fatigue also occurs temporarily during matches, but it is still unclear what causes the reduced ability to perform maximally. There are major individual differences in the physical demands of players during a game related to physical capacity and tactical role in the team. These differences should be taken into account when planning the training and nutritional strategies of top-class players, who require a significant energy intake during a week. 相似文献
988.
J. Bruce Francis Michalina Vaughan Colin Flood Page Sally Tomlinson R. A. Becher Margaret C. Ives John Urry K. G. Collier Meir Zadok Charles Carter Jürgen Schramm Jean Barry Graeme C. Moodie Donald Bligh R. A. King D. G. Mulcahy Peter Scott F. R. Charmer T. R. Bone John A. Hughes Roger Greenhough Alec M. Ross John Wakeford Joyce Skinner Duncan B. Nimmo Cedric Cullingford L. R. B. Elton 《Higher Education》1979,8(6):709-744
989.
Walter Hahn Guy Cellerier Wolfgang Wilhelm Jindra Kulich Robert J. Havighurst Bryan T. Peck Annegret Körner Rodney Skager Renate Nestvogel J. H. Sislian John J. Bergen Peter W. Kahl Tony Bates 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1978,24(4):523-544
990.