Contextual factors affecting the utility of surrogates within exploratory search     

Ian Ruthven  Mark BaillieLeif Azzopardi  Ralf BierigEmma Nicol  Simon SweeneyMurat Yaciki 《Information processing & management》2008

In this paper we investigate how information surrogates might be useful in exploratory search and what information it is useful for a surrogate to contain. By comparing assessments based on artificially created information surrogates, we investigate the effect of the source of information, the quality of an information source and the date of information upon the assessment process. We also investigate how varying levels of topical knowledge, assessor confidence and prior expectation affect the assessment of information surrogates. We show that both types of contextual information affect how the information surrogates are judged and what actions are performed as a result of the surrogates.  相似文献   

The role of viewing distance and viewing angle on referees’ decision-making performance during the FIFA World Cup 2014     

Ernst-Joachim Hossner  Urs Schnyder  Jürg Schmid  Ralf Kredel 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(13):1481-1489

The present study aims to reveal the effects of positioning on decision-making performance in top-level refereeing in association football. To this end, for all 64 matches of the FIFA World Cup 2014, potential foul-play situations were videometrically analysed in terms of the referee’s position relative to the infringement. Contrary to earlier studies, viewing angles were analysed in addition to viewing distances and error rates were considered for not only falsely whistled but also falsely non-whistled events. Moreover, direct logistic regression analysis was applied to detect position-dependent differences. For the total of 1,527 potential foul play situations, an overall low error rate of 6.9% was found. The similar numbers of total whistle (n = 52) and non-whistle errors (n = 54) reflect referees’ ability to balance both types of errors. Regarding the overall viewing-distance effect, referees were 2.58 times (95% CI 1.47–4.54) more likely to commit a whistle error at 10–15 m and 5.51 times (95% CI 1.35–22.47) more likely to commit a non-whistle error at 0–5 m, corresponding to the position ranges occurring with the highest (10–15 m: 30.3%) and lowest (0–5 m: 5.8%) frequencies. In contrast, no significant effects of viewing-angle on decision-making accuracy could be revealed.  相似文献   

Implicit and explicit attitudes towards sport among young elite athletes with high versus low burnout symptoms     

Markus Gerber  Ralf Brand  Franziska Antoniewicz  Sandrine Isoard-Gautheur  Henrik Gustafsson  Renzo Bianchi 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(14):1673-1680

The development of cynical attitudes towards elite sport is a core symptom of athlete burnout and has been associated with dropout from elite sport. To date, this phenomenon has mainly been studied by investigating explicit attitudes towards sport, whereas athletes’ automatic evaluations (i.e. implicit attitudes) that have been shown to influence behavior as well were not considered. This study aimed to compare explicit and implicit attitudes towards sport of young elite athletes with high (N = 24) versus low (N = 26) burnout symptoms. Using self-reported measures, general and athlete burnout symptoms were assessed. Additionally, a single-target implicit association test was administered to examine participants’ automatic evaluation of sport. Statistical analysis revealed greater emotional/physical exhaustion and sport devaluation in athletes reporting high compared to low burnout symptoms. Implicit attitudes towards sport did not significantly differ between the groups. Furthermore, no significant correlations were observed between different athlete burnout symptoms and implicit attitudes. Athletes with high burnout symptoms show a tendency to explicitly detach themselves from sport, thus fostering sport devaluation as a core symptom of athlete burnout. However, this process does not seem to be reflected in their implicit attitudes towards sport.  相似文献   

Geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche Aspekte von Doping und Anti-Doping im Sport     

Prof. Dr. Ralf Brand  Claudia Voelcker-Rehage  Gertrud Pfister  John Hoberman 《Sportwissenschaft》2012,42(3):151-152

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A computational fluid dynamics model for wind simulation: model implementation and experimental validation     

Zhuo-dong?ZhangEmail author  Ralf?Wieland  Matthias?Reiche  Roger?Funk  Carsten?Hoffmann  Yong?Li  Michael?Sommer 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2012,13(4):274-283

To provide physically based wind modelling for wind erosion research at regional scale, a 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind model was developed. The model was programmed in C language based on the Navier-Stokes equations, and it is freely available as open source. Integrated with the spatial analysis and modelling tool (SAMT), the wind model has convenient input preparation and powerful output visualization. To validate the wind model, a series of experiments was conducted in a wind tunnel. A blocking inflow experiment was designed to test the performance of the model on simulation of basic fluid processes. A round obstacle experiment was designed to check if the model could simulate the influences of the obstacle on wind field. Results show that measured and simulated wind fields have high correlations, and the wind model can simulate both the basic processes of the wind and the influences of the obstacle on the wind field. These results show the high reliability of the wind model. A digital elevation model (DEM) of an area (3800 m long and 1700 m wide) in the Xilingele grassland in Inner Mongolia (autonomous region, China) was applied to the model, and a 3D wind field has been successfully generated. The clear implementation of the model and the adequate validation by wind tunnel experiments laid a solid foundation for the prediction and assessment of wind erosion at regional scale.  相似文献   

Cinema Demand In Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ralf Dewenter  Michael Westermann 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2005,29(3):213-231

This paper examines the German cinema market using time series data covering the period 1950–2002. Applying estimation techniques such as OLS, 2SLS and SUR, we identify interrelations between the number of seats, the average real prices and the demand for movies per capita. Furthermore, we test for the long-run relationship between demand, prices and real income and estimate the elasticity of demand with respect to these variables.JEL–Classification: C22, C23, L82  相似文献   

Graduate teacher motivation for choosing a job in education     

Rein De Cooman  Sara De Gieter  Roland Pepermans  Cindy Du Bois  Ralf Caers  Marc Jegers 《International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance》2007,7(2):123-136

This article compares individuals already in teaching and non-teaching teacher graduates, and explores the motivation to pursue a teaching job based on job motives and work values. From the response of 241 recently graduated teachers it may be concluded that teachers consider intrinsic, altruistic and interpersonal features as strong job-specific motivators. Furthermore, teachers prefer altruistic and interpersonal work values, while non-teachers are more attracted by individualistic work values such as career opportunities and executive power.  相似文献   

Role of internship in higher education in environmental sciences     

Roland W. Scholz    Regula Steiner  Ralf Hansmann 《科学教学研究杂志》2004,41(1):24-46

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Was leistet die Sportwissenschaft?     

Prof. Dr. Ralf Brand  Prof. Dr. Claudia Voelcker-Rehage  Doris Superina 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(4):235-238

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Zeit der Veränderung     

Prof. Dr. Ralf Brand  Claudia Voelcker-Rehage 《Sportwissenschaft》2013,43(2):83-84

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