Comparison of Individual Criteria and Externally Imposed Criteria for Stage Allocation: Findings from an Internet Study Addressing Physical Activity     

Jana Richert  Sonia Lippke  Ralf Schwarzer 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2013,17(4):225-240

Stage-matched interventions can only be more effective than “one-size-fits-all” interventions if they target participants' specific needs. Therefore, individuals must be allocated to a stage that truly reflects their mindsets. Various criteria for stage allocation exist. This study's objective was to demonstrate the impact of different classification criteria on stage allocation, and which criterion yields the best reflection of individuals' mindsets. The sample consists of 569 internet users. Physical activity, intention to change, and four stages of change (Non-Intender, Intender, Maintaining Actor, and Changing Actor) were assessed. Staging was based on two criteria: individual criteria and externally imposed criteria (30 min of physical activity on at least 4 days of the week). Hypotheses were tested by multivariate analyses and validity tests. As predicted, the different criteria affected stage allocation, and staging based on the individual criterion seemed to reflect individuals' intention to change and behavior better than staging based on the external standard.  相似文献   

Process integration,information sharing,and system interoperation in government: A comparative case analysis     

Hans Jochen Scholl  Herbert Kubicek  Ralf Cimander  Ralf Klischewski 《Government Information Quarterly》2012

In recent years, government agencies on all levels and in all branches have increasingly engaged in harmonizing business processes, standardizing information sharing, and interoperating their information systems, which indicates a rising need for intra- and inter-government collaboration. Simultaneously, the technical capacity for process integration, information sharing, and system interoperation/interoperability (INT-IS-IOP) has also greatly increased. While a number of INT-IS-IOP projects have faced serious challenges leading to problematic project outcomes, other projects have produced the desired results. Using the amended Scholl/Klischewski (2007) framework this study systematically analyzes documents of nineteen cases of mostly successful projects, which were carried out across Europe. Based on the results of this analysis, we identify and document key foci and characteristics of successful projects. The comparative case analysis also helps assess the explanatory power of the Scholl/Klischewski framework, its applicability to practice, and its utility for evaluative purposes.  相似文献   

Diagnosis and prediction of learning success     

Ralf Schwarzer 《Studies in Educational Evaluation》1980,6(2):195-207

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In the market for ideas: how reforms in the political economy of educational research in the US and UK promote market managerialism     

Ralf St Clair  Alisa Belzer 《比较教育学》2007,43(4):471-488

Transformations in educational research structures in the United States and UK over the past decade are examined, and it is argued that these changes are manifestations of wider forces. Rather than internal developments in the field, they are better understood as serving the changing interests of the state in an era of increasingly globalized capital. The argument that the imposed changes improve the quality of educational research is shown to be inconclusive. It is suggested that these structural transformations can be seen as an attempt to promote market managerialism in educational research for political ends.  相似文献   

The difficult bridge between university and industry: a case study in computer science teaching     

Jan Schilling  Ralf Klamma 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2010,35(4):367-380

Recently, there has been increasing criticism concerning academic computer science education. This paper presents a new approach based on the principles of constructivist learning design as well as the ideas of knowledge transfer in communities of practice. The course ‘High‐tech Entrepreneurship and New Media’ was introduced as an interdisciplinary project management lab in which students collaborate in groups to develop software solutions for authentic problems. Main goals were the tighter integration of university and local start‐up companies, an intense knowledge transfer on software engineering methods, as well as the implementation of constructivist learning principles in academic teaching. This paper presents the background and structure of the course as well as the results of a formative evaluation. While being successful in introducing a course based on digital‐media assisted, constructivist learning arrangements, establishing lasting communities of practice between university and industry is still an open issue. After discussing several reasons, the paper concludes with a list of general recommendations on how to improve the approach and its implementation.  相似文献   

Dokumentarische Methode und sozialwissenschaftliche Hermeneutik     

Ralf?BohnsackEmail author 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2003,6(4):550-570

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Effects of pre-competitional rapid weight loss on nutrition,vitamin status and oxidative stress in elite boxers     

Dejan Reljic  Joachim Jost  Kirsten Dickau  Ralf Kinscherf  Gabriel Bonaterra  Birgit Friedmann-Bette 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(5):437-448

Dietary intake, vitamin status and oxidative stress were evaluated in 17 elite male boxers. Ten of them frequently reduced body weight rapidly before competitions (Weight Loss Group) and 7 did not practice rapid weight loss (Control Group). Food record checklists, blood samples for determination of vitamin status and plasma glutathione levels were obtained during a week of weight maintenance, a pre-competition week and a post-competition week. The average dietary intakes in both groups were 33 ± 8 kcal·kg^?1, 3.7 ± 1.1 g·kg^?1 carbohydrates, 1.5 ± 0.4 g·kg^?1 protein, 1.2 ± 0.4 g·kg^?1 fat and 2.2 ± 1.0 L water per day (excluding pre-competition week in Weight Loss Group). Energy (18 ± 7 kcal·kg^?1), carbohydrate (2.2 ± 0.8 g·kg^?1), protein (0.8 ± 0.4 g·kg^?1), fat (0.6 ± 0.3 g·kg^?1) and water (1.6 ± 0.6 L) consumption (P-values <0.001) and intakes of most vitamins (P-values < 0.05) were significantly reduced during the pre-competition week in the Weight Loss Group. In both groups, the intakes of vitamins A, E and folate were below recommended values throughout the three periods; however, blood vitamin and plasma glutathione levels did not change significantly. Our findings indicate a low-caloric and low-carbohydrate diet in elite boxers, regardless of participating in rapid weight loss or not. Apparently, the pre-competitional malnutitrition in the Weight Loss Group did not induce alterations in the vitamin and glutathione status.  相似文献