Teacher Efficacy Research 1998–2009: Signs of Progress or Unfulfilled Promise?     

Robert M. Klassen  Virginia M. C. Tze  Shea M. Betts  Kelly A. Gordon 《Educational Psychology Review》2011,23(1):21-43

This review investigates the state of teacher self- and collective efficacy research conducted from 1998 to 2009. Two hundred and eighteen empirical articles published in 1998–2009 were examined for key characteristics and compared to research published in the previous 12 years (i.e., 1986–1997). Results from the review show increases in overall teacher efficacy research, methodological diversity, domain specificity, internationalization, and focus on collective efficacy. Continuing problem areas were a lack of attention to the sources of teacher efficacy, continued measurement and conceptual problems, a lack of evidence for the links between teacher efficacy and student outcomes, and uncertain relevance of teacher efficacy research to educational practice. An outline of directions for future teacher efficacy research is provided.  相似文献   

Effect of postsecondary education on the economic status of persons who are deaf or hard of hearing     

Schley S  Walter GG  Weathers RR  Hemmeter J  Hennessey JC  Burkhauser RV 《Journal of deaf studies and deaf education》2011,16(4):524-536

This article examines the effect that postsecondary education has on earnings and the duration of time spent in the Social Security disability programs for young persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. Our hypothesis is that investments in postsecondary training increase the likelihood of employment for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing and thus reduce dependency on disability-related income support programs. A longitudinal data set based upon records from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf and Social Security administrative records is used for this analysis. We find that those who graduate, even those who graduate with vocational degrees, experience significant earnings benefits and reductions in the duration of time spent on federal disability programs when compared with those who do not graduate with a degree. This finding suggests that reductions in the duration of time spent on Social Security programs are not limited to those with the highest level of scholastic aptitude and that investments in post-secondary education can benefit a broad group of deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. In addition, the data show that individuals who attend college, but withdraw before graduation, fair no better economically than individuals who never attended college.  相似文献   

Concept learning by pigeons: Matching-to-sample with trial-unique video picture stimuli     

Anthony A. Wright  Robert G. Cook  Jacquelyne J. Rivera  Stephen F. Sands  Juan D. Delius 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(4):436-444

Pigeons were trained to match-to-sample with several new methodologies: a large number of stimuli, computer-drawn color picture stimuli, responses monitored by a computer touch screen, stimuli presented horizontally from the floor, and grain reinforcement delivered onto the picture stimuli. Following acquisition, matching-to-sample concept learning was assessed by transfer to novel stimuli on the first exposure to pairs of novel stimuli. One group (trial-unique), trained with 152 different pictures presented once daily, showed excellent transfer (80% correct). Transfer and baseline performances were equivalent, indicating that the matching-to-sample concept had been learned. A second group (2-stimulus), trained with only two different pictures, showed no evidence of transfer. These results are discussed in terms of the effect of numbers of exemplars on previous failures to find concept learning in pigeons, and the implications of the positive finding from this experiment on abstract concept learning and evolutionary cognitive development.  相似文献   

冷轧纯铝板在不同温度退火后的织构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

任德华  杨瑞东  付再琦  孙骏 《昭通师范高等专科学校学报》2002,24(5):16-19

通过对单向冷轧的纯铝板在140℃，200℃，300℃，380℃退火，用X射线衍射物相分析，研究冷轧纯铝板在退火前和各温度退火后的织构，结果表明，在140－300℃的中低温退火后，板中的形变强织构被削弱，产生新的退火织构；在380℃的高温退火后，板中的形变强织构被进一步增强。  相似文献   

Perseveration of associative strength in rabbit nictitating membrane response conditioning following ISI shifts     

Robert T. Ross  Michael J. Scavio 《Learning & behavior》1983,11(4):435-438

The present experiment determined whether associative strength based upon 15 CS-US pairings at various interstimulus intervals (ISIs) could survive shifts of the ISI to influence the subsequent acquisition of the nictitating membrane (NM) CR. The choice of 15 preshift pairings was based upon previous work, which had shown that this training level produced substantial associative strength without NM CR acquisition. Consequently, this experiment, by shifting the ISI before the beginning of CR acquisition, served as an extension to traditional ISI-shift studies that have imposed the manipulation after CR acquisition. The findings of the experiment indicated that 15 preshift pairings in Stage 1 at ISIs from 250 to 4,000 msec were as effective as 15 pairings at a 500-msec ISI in determining the number of trials to the first NM CR in Stage 2 in which the training ISI was 500 msec. Moreover, 15 pairings in Stage 1 at ISIs from 250 to 2,000 msec were equivalent to 15 pairings at 500 msec in controlling the number of trials to 10 successive NM CRs in Stage 2. These outcomes demonstrate that, within a large ISI range, the associative strength based upon relatively few pairings is preserved despite various shifts of the ISI. Therefore, these results suggest that the reductions in CR performance, which have been consistently observed in traditional studies following ISI shifts, are not due to the loss of associative strength.  相似文献   

What They're Reading—Gone to market     

Robert Zemsky 《About Campus》2005,10(5):31-32

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Role of peer influence and aspects of group use of programed meterials     

Robert T. Filep  Robert L. Crist 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1967,15(4):423-434

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Genetic influences in different aspects of language development: the etiology of language skills in 4.5-year-old twins     

Kovas Y  Hayiou-Thomas ME  Oliver B  Dale PS  Bishop DV  Plomin R 《Child development》2005,76(3):632-651

The genetic and environmental etiologies of diverse aspects of language ability and disability, including articulation, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and verbal memory, were investigated in a U.K. sample of 787 pairs of 4.5-year-old same-sex and opposite-sex twins. Moderate genetic influence was found for all aspects of language in the normal range. A similar pattern was found at the low end of the distribution with the exception of two receptive measures. Environmental influence was mainly due to nonshared factors, unique to the individual, with little influence from shared environment for most measures. Genetic and environmental influences on language ability and disability are quantitatively and qualitatively similar for males and females.  相似文献   

Essay review     

Robert Zimmer 《Instructional Science》1982,11(1):93-96

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Certainty of Punishment and Criminal Thinking: Do the Rational and Non-rational Parameters of a Student’s Decision to Cheat on an Exam Interact?     

Glenn D. Walters  Robert D. Morgan 《Journal of Criminal Justice Education》2019,30(2):276-295

The purpose of this study was to determine whether criminal thinking interacts with the rational requirements of human decision-making in a group of college students. A convenience sample of 315 undergraduates (114 males, 201 females) completed self-report measures of criminal thinking and estimated their likelihood of cheating on an exam given different levels of certainty of apprehension. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed that students were significantly more likely to seize on the opportunity to cheat when the certainty of getting caught was 10% than when it was 50% and that students with higher levels of criminal thinking were more likely to take the opportunity to cheat than students with lower levels of criminal thinking. In addition, students exhibiting moderate proactive criminal thinking and moderate to high reactive criminal thinking were significantly less likely to be deterred from cheating when the odds of getting caught were low.  相似文献