Teacher Testing and Certification: An Historical Perspective from Ontario     

Ruth A. Childs  Barbara Bower 《Journal of educational administration and history》2006,38(3):279-291

Certification tests for elementary teachers in Ontario were introduced in 1871 and in 2002. Although the provincial government’s stated goals for the testing programs were similar, the 2002 program was opposed by the initial teacher education programs and the teachers’ associations, but the 1871 program was not. The authors argue that much of this difference can be attributed to the relationship of the tests to other requirements for certification and the process for determining the content of the tests.  相似文献   

A Systematic Literature Review of Funding for Higher Education Institutions in Developed Countries     

Qilong Zhang  Ning Kang  Ruth Barnes 《Frontiers of Education in China》2016,11(4):519-542

Resource allocation and funding in higher education is crucial to the success of reform and transformation of our higher education system. With a view to identifying trends and best practices in the area, utilizing a method of systematic literature review, we have critically reviewed relevant theories and practices from developed counties that are covered in the scholarly literature published in English in the past 10 years. Our review has revealed: (1) Several universal trends have exerted a decisive impact on resource allocation in higher education, for example, funding reduction and tuition fee increases, performancebased funding, privatization, corporatization, and internationalization; (2) Several theories underpin key research in the area, for example, new institutional economics, resource dependence theory, and political economy; (3) Several controversial issues have made their way into public debate, for example, higher education as a public good or private good, academic capitalism, educational equity, and the role of econometrics.  相似文献   

Untangling the Grip of White Privilege in Education through Consultation and Systems Change: Introduction to the Special Issue     

Ruth Schumacher-Martinez 《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2020,30(3):251-254

ABSTRACT

This article introduces the articles in the special issue, School consultation grounded in social justice: Dismantling white privilege in education. The authors first highlight salient aspects of each of the five articles. The article ends with a call to action for educators to use consultation to effect systems change that will interrupt white privilege and racist practices in education.  相似文献   

The Earth—A “vale of soul making”     

Ruth A. Wilson 《Early Childhood Education Journal》1996,23(3):169-171

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Transitions and transformations in learning and education     

Ruth Pilkington 《Studies in Continuing Education》2016,38(3):376-377

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The teacher scheme for educational dialogue analysis (T-SEDA): developing a research-based observation tool for supporting teacher inquiry into pupils’ participation in classroom dialogue     

Maria Vrikki  Ruth Kershner  Elisa Calcagni  Sara Hennessy  Lisa Lee  Flora Hernández 《International Journal of Research & Method in Education》2019,42(2):185-203

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The Presence of An-Other: The Prescience of Racism in Post-Modern Times   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ruth Eileen Arber 《Journal of Educational Change》2003,4(3):249-268

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You and CO2: a Public Engagement Study to Engage Secondary School Students with the Issue of Climate Change     

Rudd  Jennifer A.  Horry  Ruth  Skains  R. Lyle 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2020,29(2):230-241

School students are growing up in a world with a rapidly changing climate, the effects of which will become increasingly apparent during their lifetimes. We designed and pilot tested “You and CO₂”, a STEAM program designed to encourage students to reflect on their personal impact on the environment, while also appreciating their place within society to bring about positive societal change. Over three interlinked workshops, students analyzed the carbon footprints of some everyday activities, which they then explored in more detail through interacting with a bespoke piece of digital fiction, No World 4 Tomorrow. The program culminated with students producing their own digital fictions, allowing them the freedom to explore the themes from the previous workshops with a setting and focus of their choice. We reflect here on the experience of running the You and CO₂ program and on the themes that emerged from the students’ original digital fictions.

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Expectancies as mediators in the differential-reward conditional discrimination performance of pigeons     

Gail B. Peterson  Ruth L. Wheeler  Gordon D. Armstrong 《Learning & behavior》1978,6(3):279-285

In a series of within-subject experiments employing a two-choice delayed conditional discrimination task, pigeons chose correctly more often when kind of correct choice and kind of reinforcer were perfectly correlated than when uncorrelated. Correct choice behavior fell to chance levels when the correlation was reversed or when it was removed by using only one kind of reinforcer. Implications for mediation theories are discussed, with the conclusion being that, although the possibility that instrumental mediators are present in this situation cannot be dismissed, the overall pattern of results indicates that classical mediators are of principal importance in this type of task.  相似文献   

Cues used by two groups of remedial readers in identifying words in isolation     

William T. Fagan  Ruth L. Eagan 《Journal of Research in Reading》1986,9(1):56-68

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