Phonological processing, language comprehension, and reading ability   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

V A Mann  E Cowin  J Schoenheimer 《Journal of learning disabilities》1989,22(2):76-89

Previous research has indicated a relationship between reading ability and the integrity of certain phonological processing skills--skills that operate on the sound structure of language. This study shows how the deficient phonological processing skills of poor beginning readers can impair their comprehension of spoken phrases and sentences that are disambiguated by prosodic cues (i.e., pitch, stress, and pause). Following a brief summary of the available research literature, two new experiments are reported to illustrate that poor readers do not interpret certain sentences as accurately as good readers do, because they are less able to hold phonological material temporarily in working memory. Further insight into the basis of these differences between good and poor readers is provided by two additional pieces of evidence: The differences between good and poor readers are analogous to those between older and younger children readers, and the performance of poor readers tends to resemble that of younger children reading at their same level (i.e., reading-ability-matched controls). Apparently, good and poor readers tend to differ in the rate at which they develop phonological processing skills.  相似文献   

Transitioning Online Reference Staffing Models: Assessing and Balancing Needs of Patrons and Practitioners     

Lindsey Wharton  Emily Zoe Mann 《The Reference Librarian》2020,61(1):15-24

ABSTRACT

As staffing models evolve for academic library service points, online chat reference services require strategic analysis to improve efficiency and effectiveness. This paper will examine the perception of chat reference before and after staffing changes from faculty librarians, staff, and graduate assistants to non-MLIS library professionals and graduate assistants at Florida State University’s a large, public research university library. Our survey explores satisfaction levels and perception of both patrons and library personnel before and after the staffing change.

Our analysis of 197 patron survey results determined that patrons are equally satisfied with non-librarian provision of chat reference services and found chat interactions to be comparable in quality and timeliness to chats staffed by librarians. Our research into staffer survey results revealed a slight decrease in satisfaction with operation of the service, notably in terms of confidence after the staffing transition even though this was not reflected in the patron satisfaction levels. This assessment indicates that library workers are equally as competent in staffing chat reference services as librarians from patron perspectives. As academic libraries continue to measure the value of staffing service desks with librarians, this study will provide relevant insight into how patrons and staffers are affected by changes in staffing models.  相似文献   

Performance in a social context: Date rape versus date right     

Cynthia A. Mann  Michael L. Hecht  Kristin B. Valentine 《Communication Studies》2013,64(3-4):269-280

This investigation examined performance of texts as a method of modifying sexual attitudes and assertiveness in a dating context in order to prevent date rape or unwanted sexual aggression. The study focused on the impact of three training modalities (live performance, performance plus discussion, and discussion) and aggressive sexual experience on sexual attitudes and assertive behavior. Results suggest that live performance alone and live performance plus discussion have the capacity to modify sexual attitudes and increase awareness of the issues.  相似文献   

The Effects of Muscular Fatigue on the Kinetics of Sprint Running     

Paul Sprague  Ralph V. Mann 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(1):60-66

Abstract

In order to compare the kinematic and kinetic effects of fatigue on the mechanics of sprint running, 15 male subjects were filmed in the saggital plane while performing a short (50 meter) maximal exertion sprint and a long (400 meter) fatiguing sprint. The short sprint was filmed at 40 meters, while the long sprint was filmed at 40 and 380 meters. The films were reduced utilizing a digitizer coupled to a computer terminal. Analysis results were generated via a human motion analysis program. Kinematic and kinetic results were entered into the statistical analysis as differences between non-fatigued and fatigued values. Initially, quality of the performance (measured by the change in horizontal velocity of the body center of gravity) was statistically related to change in the kinetic variable of integrated muscle moment at each of the body joints. The kinetic variables found to be significant were then statistically compared to logically related changes in kinematic variables (temporally adjacent or concurrent). Changes in the generated moments about the hip and knee during ground contact were found to be related to the quality of the performer. Kinematic changes related to the significant moment changes indicated that, while the better sprinter (smaller velocity loss) closely maintained the kinetic and kinematic patterns, the poorer sprinter (larger velocity loss) inefficiently deviated in both areas. The lack of significance between the changes in upper limb moments and change in average velocity indicated that productive arm effort does not affect the level of performance in the fatigued condition.  相似文献   

Age-ordered shirt numbering reduces the selection bias associated with the relative age effect     

David L. Mann  Pleun J. M. A. van Ginneken 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(8):784-790

When placed into age groups for junior sporting competition, the relative differences in age between children leads to a bias in who is evaluated as being talented. While the impact of this relative age effect (RAE) is clear, until now there has been no evidence to show how to reduce it. The aim of this study was to determine whether the selection bias associated with the RAE could be reduced. Talent scouts from an elite football club watched junior games and ranked players on the basis of their potential. Scouts were allocated to one of three groups provided with contrasting information about the age of the players: (1) no age information, (2) players’ birthdates or (3) knowledge that the numbers on the playing shirts corresponded to the relative age of the players. Results revealed a significant selection bias for the scouts in the no-age information group, and that bias remained when scouts knew the players’ dates-of-birth. Strikingly though, the selection bias was eliminated when scouts watched the games knowing the shirt numbers corresponded to the relative ages of the players. The selection bias associated with the RAE can be reduced if information about age is presented appropriately.  相似文献   

The Boss     

Becky Mann 《英语大王(小学)》2013,(5):4-7

妈妈生病了,爸爸出门给她买果汁。哥哥、妹妹和我会为妈妈做什么呢?It was Sunday morning. Mum was sick* in bed." Mum needs someorange juice," Dad said." I’ll go to the store and get some for her. Begood while I’m gone(不在)."*" Dad is gone," said my big brother." Now I’m the boss."" I want to文∕Becky Mann  相似文献   

Core Competencies for Print Serials Librarians     

Sanjeet Mann  Susan Davis  Eugenia Beh  Taryn Resnick  Sarah Sutton 《期刊图书馆员》2015,68(1-4):243-248

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Library research models: A guide to classification, cataloging and computers : Mann, Thomas. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. 248 pp. $22.50 (ISBN: 0-19-5-8190-0).     

Mann  Thomas 《Library & information science research》1994,16(4)

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The effect of biofeedback training on affective regulation and simulated car-racing performance: a multiple case study analysis     

Edmonds WA  Tenenbaum G  Mann DT  Johnson M  Kamata A 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(7):761-773

The foundation of this study was based on an idiosyncratic concept, which uses probabilistic determinations (Kamata, Tenenbaum, & Hanin, 2002) to verify the utility and effectiveness of a biofeedback intervention by manipulating affective performance states in a race-car simulator. Nine males completed five separate time-trials of a simulated racing task and were then randomly assigned to one of three arousal regulation treatment conditions: (1) optimal, (2) poor, and (3) attention control. Following the biofeedback intervention, participants underwent another series of race trials to determine the effectiveness of the arousal regulation intervention. The results indicated that there were relative similarities in the strength and direction of the perceived and physiological states between the participants; however, the subtle details of the participants' unique performance zones and the probability of achieving each zone were revealed to be unique among the participants. The results also indicated that: (a) the biofeedback manipulation resulted in the expected changes for each participant, and (b) there were some large individual differences among the participants, necessitating the idiosyncratic approach. Limitations and future directions are also addressed.  相似文献   

Signposting best evidence: a role for information professionals     

Mann M  Sander L  Weightman A 《Health information and libraries journal》2006,23(Z1):61-64

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