Transparency,accountability and good governance: Role of new information and communication technologies and the mass media     

Shahid Akhtar  Mahesh Kumar Malla  John Gregson 《媒体管理杂志》2013,15(3-4):124-132

Abstract

Customer orientation has been suggested to create competitive advantage of firms (Kohli &; Jaworski, 1990 Kohli, A. K. and Jaworski, B. J. 1990. Market orientation: The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2): 1–18. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Therefore, the recommendation to media managers has been to let the creation and delivery of customer value guide their strategies for advertising sales (Aris &; Bughin, 2005 Aris, A. and Bughin, J. 2005. Managing media companies: Harnessing creative value, Chichester, , England: Wiley.  [Google Scholar]). However, the concept of customer value, what it is, and how it is created remains unclear in many ways. This article explores the concept of customer value in advertising media purchasing from the media seller's perspective. Between December 2007 and February 2008, sales representatives from three Swedish TV networks were studied through in-depth interviews and observations as they progressed through a negotiation process with a large advertiser and its media agency. A qualitative analysis of the media sellers' experiences shows that they see advertiser and agency to perceiving the value of advertising media differently. Also, they see the customer side parties as diverging in the processes by which these value perceptions are formed. The article reveals the inherent problem of customer orientation on advertising markets—that within media purchasing practice, several actors have their own idea of value, and an advertiser's understanding of value is not always a decisive factor. The TV networks in the study have all chosen different strategies to deal with these dualities.  相似文献   

E‐Learning in a Mega Open University: Faculty attitude,barriers and motivators     

Santosh Panda  Sanjaya Mishra 《Educational Media International》2013,50(4):323-338

In the distance teaching institutions where e‐learning initiatives are underway and where the planners and administrators grapple with effective adoption and deployment of technology‐enabled education, faculty attitude and motivation assume considerable significance. Attitudinal pre‐dispositions and institutional and allied barriers (including appropriate policy initiatives) are assumed to play a crucial role in making an effective shift from traditional distance education delivery to web‐enabled education and training. Such issues are especially critical to single mode mega universities like the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). This article reports the findings of a study conducted to examine the attitudes of faculty members from IGNOU towards e‐learning, and to identify barriers and motivators of e‐learning adoption and use. IGNOU, with about 1.5 million students scattered over 32 countries, has been offering e‐learning programs for almost a decade. The findings suggest that extensive use of computers and email has a high relationship with positive attitudes towards e‐learning. The most significant barriers perceived by the faculty included poor internet access by students and lack of training on e‐learning, followed by institutional policy on and instructional design for e‐learning. The important motivators included personal interest to use technology, intellectual challenge, and sufficient provision for technology infrastructure.

L'E‐Learning dans une Mega Université Ouverte: les attitudes du corps enseignant, les barrières et les facteurs de motivation

Dans les institutions d'enseignement à distance où des initiaitves de mise en place de l'e‐learning sont en cours et où les planificateurs et les administrateurs luttent pour faire adopter et lancer des formations assistées par la technologie, l'attitude et la motivation des professeurs revêtent une signification considérable. On a tendance à penser que les attitudes acquises et les barrières institutionnelles ou autres (y compris les choix de politiques appropriées) jouent un rôle crucial pour effectuer le passage d'une distribution traditionnelle de l'enseignement à distance vers un enseignement et une formation assurés grace à Internet. Ces questions ont une importance critique particulière dans les mega universités «univoques» comme l'Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). Le présent article communique les résultats d'une enquête menée auprès des enseignants dans plusieurs facultés de l'IGNOU et portant sur leur attitude vis à vis de l'e‐learning et sur les facteurs de blocage ou de motivation par rapport à l'adoption et à l'usage de l'e‐learning. Cette université qui compte environ 1,5 millions d'étudiants répandus dans 32 pays, offre des programmes d'e‐learning depuis près d'une décennie. A ce stade, cette enquête est primordiale et les résultats permettent de penser que l'usage très répandu des ordinateurs et du courrier électronique a influé fortement sur les attitudes positives vis à vis de l'e‐learning; quant aux obstacles les plus marquants que notent les professeurs, on relève un mauvais accès à Internet pour les étudiants et le manque de formation pour l'e‐learning suivis par les politiques institutionnelles et la conception des cours en fonction de l'e‐learning. Au nombre des facteurs de motivation importants on relève l'intérêt personnel pour l'emploi de la technologie, le défi intellectuel et la mise en place de moyens suffisants pour une infrastructure d'enseignement assisté par l'informatique.

E Lernen an einer ‘Mega Open University’: Einstellung des Lehrkörpers, Barrieren und Ermutigungen

In den Fernlehreinrichtungen, in denen e‐learning Initiativen üblich sind, und wo die Planer und Verwalter mit wirksamer Adoption und dem Einsatz von technisch möglicher Unterrichtstechnik ringen, gewinnen die Einstellungen der Fakultät und Motivationen beträchtliche Bedeutung. Man kann annehmen, dass Voreinstellungen und institutionelle und artverwandte Hemmnisse (einschließlich entsprechender Politikinitiativen) eine entscheidende Rolle beim Umstieg von traditioneller Fernlehr‐Kommunikation zu web‐aktiver Bildung und Ausbildung spielen. Solche Streitfragen sind besonders kritisch bei ‘single mode mega’‐Universitäten wie der Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). Dieser Artikel berichtet über die Ergebnisse einer Studie über die Einstellungen verschiedener Fakultäten von IGNOU in Bezug auf ihre Einstellung zu e‐Learning, verschiedenen Barrieren und auch Motivationen zur Einführung und Verwendung von e‐Learning. Die Universität mit etwa 1,5 Millionen Studenten, die über 32 Ländern verteilt sind, hat seit fast einem Jahrzehnt e‐Learning Programme angeboten. Eine Studie dieser Art ist entscheidend auf dieser Entwicklungsstufe: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass weitreichende Verwendung von Computern und E‐Mail‐Einrichtungen hohe Beziehung zu positiver Einstellung zu e‐Lernen hatte. Die am deutlichsten wahrgenommenen Hemmnisse ergaben sich durch geringe Internetnutzung von Studenten und Mangel an Ausbildung in e‐Learning, gefolgt von institutioneller Politik und Fehlen von beispielhaften e‐Learning‐Programmen. Die wichtigen Motivatoren schlossen persönliches Interesse zur Nutzung von Technik, intellektuelle Herausforderung und ausreichende Möglichkeit zur Nutzung von CMC Infrastruktur ein.

El e‐Learning dentro de una mega Universidad Abierta: las actitudes del cuerpo docente, las barreras y los incentivos

Dentro de las instituciones de educación a distancia donde iniciativas de e‐learning están en curso, mientras que los administradores y técnicos de planifiación están afrontando la problemática de una adopción efectiva y del despliegue de una educación asistida por la tecnología, las actitudes y la motivación del cuerpo docente están asumiendo una fuerte relevancia. Se supone que las actitudes preexistentes y las barreras institucionales y otras semejantes (incluso la elección de políticas adecuadas) desempeñan un papel decisivo en una transición efectiva del modo tradicional de distribución de la educación a distancia hacia cursos y formaciones asistidos por la web. Esa problemática es particularmente crítica dentro de las mega universidades de modo único como la Universidad Nacional Abierta Indira Gandhi (IGNOU). Este artículo presenta los resultados de una encuesta sobre el cuerpo docente que se hizó en varias Facultades y departamentos de la IGNOU sobre las actitudes acerca del e‐learning y las diferentes barreras y incentivos para su adopción y uso. Esta universidad con casi 1,5 milliones de estudiantes diseminados en más de 32 países ha sido ofreciendo programas de e‐learning desde hace casi una década. En esta fase este tipo de investigación es fundamental; y los resultados nos permiten pensar que el uso extensivo de los ordenadores y del correo electrónico está fuertemente vinculado a actitudes positivas acerca del e‐learning; entre las barreras más destacadas, los profesores mencionaban el malo acceso de los estudiantes a Internet y la falta de formación para el e‐learning seguidos por las políticas institucionales y el diseño curricular para ese mismo e‐learning; entre los incentivos fuertes destacaban el intérès personal en el uso de la tecnología,el desafío intelectual y los recursos suficientes para una infraestructura destinada a la enseñanza asistida por ordenador.  相似文献   

Circadian rhythms     

Koustubh M. Vaze  Vijay Kumar Sharma 《Resonance》2013,18(7):662-672

Living organisms ranging from bacteria to human beings exhibit 24-h rhythms in various behaviours and physiological processes. Matching of the period of such rhythms with that of the daily environmental cycles gives an impression that they are mere passive responses to environmental changes. Here, we discuss the change in our perception about daily biological rhythms, from their identity as rhythmic phenomena occurring as passive response to environmental changes, to the biological clocks. This is the first article in a series of articles on circadian rhythms which will cover discussion on the genetic and molecular basis, circadian organization and its adaptive significance.  相似文献   

A serpentine way to signaling     

Vignesh Narayan Hariharan  Raji R. Nair  Deepak Kumar Saini 《Resonance》2013,18(6):530-542

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 2012 has been awarded to Robert J Lefkowitz and Brian K Kobilka for their studies on G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs are receptor proteins present on the cell surface, which are involved in sensing molecules outside the cell and initiating a cellular response. They can sense a wide variety of ligands ranging from light to hormones and small peptides, triggering various physiological responses. Today we understand the molecular mechanisms by which these receptors work largely due to the contributions of Lefkowitz and Kobilka. Owing to the role of GPCRs in cell communication and involvement in various disease conditions, they are targets of over 40% of current drugs in the market. These findings have not only revealed how GPCRs work, but have also made a huge impact on the field of GPCR-associated drug discovery.  相似文献   

From inactivity to encouragement: the contribution of Lord Elphinstone to the educational development of the Madras Presidency (1837–1842)     

Gautam Chandra  Veerendra Kumar Mishra   《History of education》2013,42(6):763-778

In light of the focus placed on English education by the colonial government, and the petition signed by 70,000 local inhabitants of the Madras Presidency, Lord John Elphinstone, the Governor, made efforts to disseminate English education during his governorship (1837–1842). Spurred on by the petition, Elphinstone wrote two fundamental educational minutes, in 1839 and 1841, and established Madras High School. Later, the School was transformed into Presidency College and became the first home of the University of Madras. Elphinstone’s planning led to the first systematic effort by the Madras government to impart English education. Subsequently, Elphinstone emphasised the dissemination of secular education and inclusion of native people in educational administration. Against this background, this paper discusses the contribution of Elphinstone to the educational development of Madras. It also questions the historiographical neglect of Elphinstone and challenges the established post-colonial discourse that the establishment of English institutions was a ‘colonialist’ imposition.  相似文献   

Capacity building of a district education system: insights from Kenya     

Dipankar Datta  Serene Phillip  Prashant Kumar Verma 《Education 3-13》2013,41(3):203-217

Both (a) in-school factors such as over-focus on academic performance, absence of uniform, and corporal punishment, and (b) out-of school factors such as caring for ailing parents, child labour, etc., hinder participation of orphan and vulnerable children (OVC) in Free Primary Education (FPE) system in Nyanza Province, Kenya. In this context Concern Worldwide Kenya undertook an appreciative capacity building approach and appropriately positioned District Education Office (DEO) of the Ministry of Education and local civil society organisations (CSOs) to address in-school and out-of-school factors, respectively, to ensure quality education for OVC. The outcome of the programme is promising and has demonstrated the need for greater cooperation between CSOs and the government to develop creative strategies in overcoming the causes of marginalisation within the contexts of the growing AIDS pandemic and poverty in Kenya.  相似文献   

Effects of chronic ethanol consumption in blood: A time dependent study on rat     

Subir Kumar Das  L. Dhanya  Sowmya Varadhan  Sukhes Mukherjee  D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(3):301-306

Alcohol consumption and health outcomes are complex and multidimensional. Ethanol (1.6g / kg body weight/ day) exposure initially affects liver function followed by renal function of 16–18 week-old male albino rats of Wistar strain weighing 200–220 g. Chronic ethanol ingestion increased in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and glutathione s-transferase activity; while decreased reduced gluatathione content and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in a time dependent manner in the hemolysate. Though superoxide dismutase activity increased initially might be due to adaptive response, but decreased later. Elevation of serum nitrite level and transforming growth factor-b₁ activity indicated that long-term ethanol consumption may cause hepatic fibrosis and can elicit pro-angiogenic factors. However, no alteration in vascular endothelial growth factor-C activity indicated that ethanol consumption is not associated with lymphangiogenesis. Therefore, we conclude that long-term ethanol-induced toxicity is linked to an oxidative stress, which may aggravate to fibrosis and elevate pro-angiogenic factors, but not associated with lymphangiogenesis.  相似文献   

Oxidative stress in cases of chronic fluoride intoxication     

Vinita Ailani  R. C. Gupta  Sunil Kumar Gupta  Kapil Gupta 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(4):426-429

This study was conducted to find out the level of oxidative stress and effect of supplementation of vitamin C, D and Calcium on levels of SOD, serum and urinary fluoride in children residing in endemic fluorosis area. For this the fluoride belt of Jaipur district was selected. The parameters selected were Super oxide dismutase, serum fluoride and urinary fluoride. The study was conducted on one hundred children, selected from four areas (25 from each area) consuming water containing 1.2, 2.4, 5.6 and 13.6 mg/l of fluoride. Drinking water fluoride, serum and urinary fluoride were measured by Ion selective electrode method. Serum SOD by Xanthine oxidase method using kit of Ransod (kit cat. No. SD125). The post treatment values showed a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD. Urinary fluoride levels increased significantly in post treatment stage. The results revealed a normal SOD levels in all groups but an increasing trend was observed with increasing fluoride concentration. Treatment with Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin C showed a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD and increase in urinary fluoride. A high positive correlation between pretreatment and post treatment group was observed in serum fluoride, SOD and urinary fluoride (P < 0.05). The study indicated an increasing oxidative stress in cases of fluorosis with increasing drinking water fluoride concentration. Treatment with Calcium, Vitamin D and Vitamin C resulted a significant reduction in serum fluoride and SOD and increase in urinary fluoride.  相似文献   

Clinicopathological spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among patients in Kerala     

Subir Kumar Das  Sukhes Mukherjee  Gaurav Pandey  V. Balakrishnan  D. M. Vasudevan 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2009,24(2):155-158

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its more aggressive form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are entities that are becoming more and more interesting to the medical community in general. A total of 93 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients (64 male and 29 female) within the age range between 28 to 63 years were studied. All of them showed elevated alanine aminotransferase level (104.07 ± 56.04). Aspartate aminotransferase level (58.13 ± 31.96) was elevated more than its normal level in 82% cases and AST to ALT ratio was found 0.59 ± 0.26. Predisposing factors were diabetes mellitus (37%), obesity (13%) and hyperlipidemia (41%). In addition, 32% of the subjects were overweight.18% of the patients had elevated serum bilirubin. Our findings recommend a lower cutoff value than suggested by the World Health Organization for overweight and obesity among this racial-ethnic group.  相似文献   

Get educators to absorb the power of HRD in molding quality education     

Raduan Che Rose  Naresh Kumar 《Performance Improvement》2006,45(9):32-36

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