Executive functioning and preschoolers' understanding of false beliefs, false photographs, and false signs   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sabbagh MA  Moses LJ  Shiverick S 《Child development》2006,77(4):1034-1049

Two studies were conducted to investigate the specificity of the relationship between preschoolers' emerging executive functioning skills and false belief understanding. Study 1 ( N =44) showed that 3- to 5-year-olds' performance on an executive functioning task that required selective suppression of actions predicted performance on false belief tasks, but not on false photograph tasks. Study 2 ( N =54) replicated the finding from Study 1 and showed that performance on the executive functioning task also predicted 3- to 5-year-olds' performance on false sign tasks. These findings show that executive functioning is required to reason only about representations that are intended to reflect a true state of affairs. Results are discussed with respect to theories of preschoolers' theory-of-mind development.  相似文献   

Sports engineering education     

Sean Maw  Thomas Allen 《Sports Engineering》2018,21(4):243-243

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‘Yes we are inclusive’: Examining provision for young people with disabilities in community sport clubs     

Ruth Jeanes  Ramón Spaaij  Jonathan Magee  Karen Farquharson  Sean Gorman  Dean Lusher 《Sport Management Review》2018,21(1):38-50

The last two decades within Australia have witnessed a range of policies and strategies seeking to promote the inclusion of young people with disabilities within mainstream community sport clubs. Whilst research at an institutional level has highlighted the problems with mainstreaming agendas, few studies have examined how grassroots clubs, as key components of the supply side of inclusive provision seek to respond to such policy imperatives. In this paper, therefore, the authors provide a critical analysis of the ways in which clubs engage with inclusion policies in practice. Theoretically, the authors draw on the concept of policy enactment and educational inclusivity. Through analysis of semi-structured interviews with club volunteers, the findings illustrate three key areas. Firstly, the importance of individual volunteers in establishing and developing provision within clubs; secondly, the largely separatist nature of disability provision within clubs; and thirdly, that policies tend to encourage club to focus on narrow forms of participation that lead to competitive pathways and mirror the structure of mainstream sport. In the conclusion, the authors problematize the notion of inclusion presented in policy and practice, suggesting such imperatives do not encourage a holistic approach.  相似文献   

Appendix: the structure of the VCLL     

Sean F. Brown 《Sport in Society》2018,21(10):1641-1650

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Early retention: Are there long-term beneficial effects?     

Amanda McCombs Thomas  Lisa Armistead  Tracy Kempton  Sean Lynch  Rex Forehand  Sarah Nousiainen  Bryan Neighbors  Lynne Tannenbaum 《Psychology in the schools》1992,29(4):342-347

The purpose of this study was to examine whether retention of kindergarten and first-grade children is associated with long-term beneficial effects. Thirty-one children who had been retained were compared to 31 children who had similar grades but had never been retained. The dependent measures were grade point average in the second through fifth grades and four teacher-assessed areas of functioning in the fourth and fifth grade: social competence, cognitive competence, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. The results indicated that retention was not associated with long-term beneficial effects but rather, especially for White children, appeared to be associated with poorer academic and social functioning. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed.  相似文献   

Is sports science answering the call for interdisciplinary research? A systematic review     

Ben Piggott  Sean Müller  Paola Chivers  Carmen Papaluca  Gerard Hoyne 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(3):267-286

Sports science research is traditionally monodisciplinary despite calls for an interdisciplinary focus. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to identify studies on talent identification, talent selection and competition performance to determine whether interdisciplinary research is being conducted. Thirty-six studies met the selection criteria. These studies were critiqued relative to sport, skill level, sport science sub-disciplines included, and whether the research was multidisciplinary or interdisciplinary. The secondary purpose of the review was to critique the level of analysis and level of representative task design in performance tests used in the studies. Twenty-five studies were categorised as interdisciplinary, with 11 categorised as multidisciplinary. Thirteen sports were represented with soccer the most frequent followed by field hockey, Australian Rules football, handball and rugby league. Thirty-two studies completed their analysis at a group level and four at an individual level. A total of 337 performance tests were rated for representative task design with 64 categorised as low, 123 as medium and 150 as high. The results pertaining to interdisciplinary studies and individual analyses are discussed in relation to constraints theory, which predicts that interacting variables can explain sport performance. Sports science research is beginning to fulfil the call for interdisciplinary research. Future research, however, needs to consider individual analyses and representative task design of tests to progress sports science knowledge.  相似文献   

#WeAreTrayvonMartin: the racially packaged NBA commodity and the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin     

Sean Dunne 《Sport in Society》2017,20(7):924-937

This article utilizes Walter Benjamin’s concept of the dialectical image to contextualize racial narratives in the contemporary United States. It examines techniques employed by the National Basketball Association (NBA) in the racial packaging of its product, which includes the selection of commentators, the content of commentary, the NBA’s dress code and the NBA’s minimum age requirement. Following this packaging, the NBA then projects the resulting commodification of black masculinity to its fans as phantasmagoria. Moving beyond a critique of these phantasmagorical racial narratives, this article incorporates the NBA’s commodification of black masculinity within a dialectical image that also includes written and visual texts found within the reactions to the fatal shooting of Trayvon Martin. This dialectical image is used to illuminate tensions that carefully packaged racial narratives such as those found in the NBA attempt to keep hidden.  相似文献   

Adaptability of expert visual anticipation in baseball batting     

Sean Müller  Peter J. Fadde  Allen G. Harbaugh 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(17):1682-1690

By manipulating stimulus variation in terms of opponent pitcher actions, this study investigated the capability of expert (n = 30) and near-expert (n = 95) professional baseball batters to adapt anticipation skill when using the video simulation temporal occlusion paradigm. Participants watched in-game footage of two pitchers, one after the other, that was temporally occluded at ball release and various points during ball flight. They were required to make a written prediction of pitch types and locations. Per cent accuracy was calculated for pitch type, for pitch location, and for type and location combined. Results indicated that experts and near-experts could adapt their anticipation to predict above guessing level across both pitchers, but adaptation to the left-handed pitcher was poorer than the right-handed pitcher. Small-to-moderate effect sizes were found in terms of superior adaptation by experts over near-experts at the ball release and early ball flight occlusion conditions. The findings of this study extend theoretical and applied knowledge of expertise in striking sports. Practical application of the instruments and findings are discussed in terms of applied researchers, practitioners and high-performance staff in professional sporting organisations.  相似文献   

Implanting a Discipline: The Academic Trajectory of Nuclear Engineering in the USA and UK     

Sean F. Johnston 《Minerva》2009,47(1):51-73

The nuclear engineer emerged as a new form of recognised technical professional between 1940 and the early 1960s as nuclear fission, the chain reaction and their applications were explored. The institutionalization of nuclear engineering—channelled into new national laboratories and corporate design offices during the decade after the war, and hurried into academic venues thereafter—proved unusually dependent on government definition and support. This paper contrasts the distinct histories of the new discipline in the USA and UK (and, more briefly, Canada). In the segregated and influential environments of institutional laboratories and factories, historical actors such as physicist Walter Zinn in the USA and industrial chemist Christopher Hinton in the UK proved influential in shaping the roles and perceptions of nuclear specialists. More broadly, I argue that the State-managed implantation of the new subject within further and higher education curricula was shaped strongly by distinct political and economic contexts in which secrecy, postwar prestige and differing industrial cultures were decisive factors.

Sean F. JohnstonEmail:

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