An Experimental Study of Scheduling and Duration of "Tier 2" First-Grade Reading Intervention     

Denton CA  Cirino PT  Barth AE  Romain M  Vaughn S  Wexler J  Francis DJ  Fletcher JM 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2011,4(3):208-230

This study compared the effects on reading outcomes of delivering supplemental, small-group intervention to first-grade students at risk for reading difficulties randomly assigned to one of three different treatment schedules: extended (4 sessions per week, 16 weeks; n = 66), concentrated (4 sessions per week, 8 weeks; n = 64), or distributed (2 sessions per week, 16 weeks; n = 62) schedules. All at-risk readers, identified through screening followed by 8 weeks of oral reading fluency (ORF) progress monitoring, received the same Tier 2 reading intervention in groups of 2 to 4 beginning in January of Grade 1. Group means were higher in word reading and ORF at the final time point relative to pretest; however, the groups did not differ significantly on any reading outcome or on rates of adequate intervention response. Of potential covariates, site, age, free lunch status, program coverage rate, and tutor were significantly related to student outcomes; however, the addition of these variables in multivariate models did not substantially change results. Rates of adequate intervention response were lower than have been reported for some first-grade interventions of longer duration.  相似文献   

Integrating theory and practice to increase scientific workforce diversity: a framework for career development in graduate research training     

Byars-Winston A  Gutierrez B  Topp S  Carnes M 《CBE life sciences education》2011,10(4):357-367

Few, if any, educational interventions intended to increase underrepresented minority (URM) graduate students in biological and behavioral sciences are informed by theory and research on career persistence. Training and Education to Advance Minority Scholars in Science (TEAM-Science) is a program funded by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with the twin goals of increasing the number of URM students entering and completing a PhD in BBS and increasing the number of these students who pursue academic careers. A framework for career development in graduate research training is proposed using social cognitive career theory. Based on this framework, TEAM-Science has five core components: 1) mentor training for the research advisor, 2) eight consensus-derived fundamental competencies required for a successful academic career, 3) career coaching by a senior faculty member, 4) an individualized career development plan that aligns students' activities with the eight fundamental competencies, and 5) a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats personal career analysis. This paper describes the theoretical framework used to guide development of these components, the research and evaluation plan, and early experience implementing the program. We discuss the potential of this framework to increase desired career outcomes for URM graduate trainees in mentored research programs and, thereby, strengthen the effectiveness of such interventions on participants' career behaviors.  相似文献   

Typing Performance and Technique of Higher Education Students with Specific Learning Disorders     

Sharon Abecassis  Hagit Magen  Naomi Weintraub 《Learning disabilities research & practice》2023,38(2):119-128

Higher education students with specific learning disorders (SLD) often experience difficulties in basic learning skills, including typing on computers, which has become the most common writing mode for academic purposes. This may affect their academic performance. We compared the typing performance, product, and technique (screen gaze, finger use) of 35 SLD and 30 typically developing (TD) students using keylogging software. Compared to TD peers, students with SLD typed more slowly and less accurately, and gazed less at the screen, suggesting a less effective typing technique. They typed slower even after controlling for screen gaze, implying that additional factors may account for their lower typing speed such as language processing. Hence, students with SLD may benefit from typing instruction alongside test accommodations during computer-based exams.  相似文献   

IV. THE COGNITIVE IMPLICATIONS OF OBESITY AND NUTRITION IN CHILDHOOD     

Naiman A. Khan  Lauren B. Raine  Sharon M. Donovan  Charles H. Hillman 《Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development》2014,79(4):51-71

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What examiners do: what thesis students should know     

Clinton Golding  Sharon Sharmini  Ayelet Lazarovitch 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2014,39(5):563-576

Although many articles have been written about thesis assessment, none provide a comprehensive, general picture of what examiners do as they assess a thesis. To synthesise this diverse literature, we reviewed 30 articles, triangulated their conclusions and identified 11 examiner practices. Thesis examiners tend to be broadly consistent in their practices and recommendations; they expect and want a thesis to pass, but first impressions are also very important. They read with academic expectations and the expectations of a normal reader. Like any reader, thesis examiners get annoyed and distracted by presentation errors, and they want to read a work that is a coherent whole. As academic readers, examiners favour a thesis with a convincing approach that engages with the literature and the findings, but they require a thesis to be publishable research. Finally, examiners give not only a final evaluation of a thesis, but also instruction and advice to improve the thesis and further publications and research. We hope that these generalisations will demystify the often secret process of assessing a thesis, and reassure, guide and encourage students as they write their theses.  相似文献   

Skills for Instructional Design Professionals     

James D. Klein  Sharon Jun 《Performance Improvement》2014,53(2):41-46

Competent instructional designers must have specific skills to successfully facilitate learning and to improve the performance of individuals and organizations. While some authors and professional organizations have identified the capabilities required for effective instructional designers, only a few have validated these skills by collecting data from actual practitioners. The purpose of this article is to discuss the results of a research study we conducted to identify and empirically validate competencies for instructional design professionals.  相似文献   

Toward High-Performance Communications Interfaces for Science Problem Solving   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Sharon L. Oviatt  Adrienne O. Cohen 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2010,19(6):515-531

From a theoretical viewpoint, educational interfaces that facilitate communicative actions involving representations central to a domain can maximize students’ effort associated with constructing new schemas. In addition, interfaces that minimize working memory demands due to the interface per se, for example by mimicking existing non-digital work practice, can preserve students’ attentional focus on their learning task. In this research, we asked the question: What type of interface input capabilities provide best support for science problem solving in both low- and high-performing students? High school students’ ability to solve a diverse range of biology problems was compared over longitudinal sessions while they used: (1) hardcopy paper and pencil (2) a digital paper and pen interface (3) pen tablet interface, and (4) graphical tablet interface. Post-test evaluations revealed that time to solve problems, meta-cognitive control, solution correctness, and memory all were significantly enhanced when using the digital pen and paper interface, compared with tablet interfaces. The tangible pen and paper interface also was the only alternative that significantly facilitated skill acquisition in low-performing students. Paradoxically, all students nonetheless believed that the tablet interfaces provided best support for their performance, revealing a lack of self-awareness about how to use computational tools to best advantage. Implications are discussed for how pen interfaces can be optimized for future educational purposes, and for establishing technology fluency curricula to improve students’ awareness of the impact of digital tools on their performance.  相似文献   

Citizenship discourse in Hong Kong: The limits of familial tropes     

Shui-yin Sharon Yam 《Quarterly Journal of Speech》2018,104(1):1-21

This article traces how citizenship in Hong Kong is constructed via familial tropes that privilege sameness and a politics of identification; this rhetorical representation, I argue, not only perpetuates a jus sanguinis model of citizenship that privileges ethnic blood ties, but also allows the state and the dominant citizenry to justify neoliberal and racist practices that exclude brown bodies. By analyzing the citizenship claims made by the marginalized South Asian community in Hong Kong and the subsequent responses they receive from the mainstream public, I demonstrate that racialized populations face a rhetorical double bind: on the one hand, they must deploy the familial metaphors commonly used by the existing citizenry to demonstrate their sense of belonging, but, on the other hand, such tropes reinscribe them in a power hierarchy that undermines their subjectivity. This case study illuminates that while it is commonly seen as a viable rhetorical tactic for marginalized rhetors to resist and participate, the repurposing and redeployment of dominant tropes have significant limitations as they are constricted by power structures that are staunchly in place.  相似文献   

School Reform and Restructuring: Does Performance Technology Have a Role?     

Sharon A. Shrock 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1990,3(4):12-33

There is now widespread agreement that America's schools are in serious trouble. However, there is little consensus regarding what should be done about it. The school reforms currently being suggested are the most radical since the elimination of the one room school. School reforms of the 1980s—personnel selection, job redesign, evaluation/ feedback, incentives, instructional technology, and organization rede-sign—are reviewed from a performance technology perspectivee Reasons for their lack of success are discussed, in particular the schools' lack of interest in instructional design and technology. The most likely future reforms, those that involve the organizational redesign of schools, are discussed along with the impact such changes would have on the potential for applying performance technology in the schools. The paper concludes with actions that performance technologists in both business and academic environments can take to encourage the application of their technologies in the schools.  相似文献   

Testing triage: Maximizing effectiveness in assessment with minimal investment     

Sharon A. Shrock 《Performance Improvement》1997,36(3):46-50

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