Research on Educational Media: Half a Century of Doing Things Right Rather Than the Right Thing     

Lau Kam Cheong 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》1989,10(1):10-18

This paper critically examines research on the influence of educational media on learning. It argues that much of the supposed benefits of media such as greater concreteness, improved learning performance, more efficient learning and increased retention, among others, are not supported by the evidence thus far. Comparative research on different forms of media, and on media attributes have likewise proved inconclusive. The paper goes on to explore reasons for these findings and urges that future studies should focus on studies with media rather than on media.  相似文献   

Noise Levels in Hong Kong Primary Schools: Implications for classroom listening     

Ching Yee Choi 《International Journal of Disability, Development & Education》2005,52(4):345-360

Many researchers have stressed that the acoustic environment is crucial to the speech perception, academic performance, attention, and participation of students in classrooms. Classrooms in highly urbanised locations are especially vulnerable to noise, a major influence on the acoustic environment. The purpose of this investigation was to determine noise levels in one such urban environment, Hong Kong. The ambient noise level, and its relationship to the speech intensity levels of both teachers and students was surveyed in 47 primary school classrooms. Moreover, the presence of acoustical treatments for noise reduction and the use of classroom amplification systems were documented for each classroom. The survey found that the mean occupied noise level was 60.74 dB (A); the mean unamplified and amplified speech‐to‐noise ratios of teachers were 13.53 dB and 18.45 dB, respectively; while the mean unamplified speech‐to‐noise ratio for students was 4.13 dB. Most of the classrooms exhibited insufficient acoustical treatments to provide significant noise reduction. The listening environment in many Hong Kong primary schools was not favourable for optimal classroom learning. Recommendations for improving the acoustical environment in classrooms in highly urbanised locations such as Hong Kong are discussed.  相似文献   

A developmental analysis of the relationship between response strength and punishment     

Ernst  A. John  Yee  Randall W. 《Learning & behavior》1975,3(2):107-113

Two levels of training (100 vs. 500 trials) and two ages of rats (young and adult) were used in a developmental analysis of the relationship between response strength and the effects of punishment. The apparatus was a Y maze with three discriminably different arms. After 100 or 500 reinforced trials, subjects were shocked each time they responded in one arm. The recovery sessions followed the punishment session. Results from the punishment day indicated that: (a) young rats received a greater amount of shock, and (b) additional training increased the amount of shock received by the young but decreased it in the adults. The recovery data showed that: (a) the suppressive effects of punishment were greater for the adults than for the young, and (b) the recovery scores were not influenced by degree of overtraining. The Age by Overtraining interaction suggested that the relationship between response strength and punishment is age dependent. The age differences found with the amount-of-shock and recovery measures provided additional support for the position that younger rats are less competent than adult rats in inhibiting responses.

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Convergent designs in fine fashion: An evolutionary model for stylistic innovation     

Rossella Cappetta Author Vitae  Paola Cillo Author Vitae  Anna Ponti Author Vitae 《Research Policy》2006,35(9):1273-1290

In this paper we propose and test an evolutionary model of stylistic innovation, that is the change in the aesthetic and symbolic elements of products and services. Style is an increasingly relevant phenomenon in many industries and our goal is to develop a model of how styles get introduced and adopted. We build on existent literature on technological change to frame the dynamics of how style changes across time. In the model we propose, companies face periods of ferment with relevant stylistic variations and periods of convergence on a single trend—that is the stylistic convergent design versus the technologic dominant design. We identify the drivers of convergence in stylistic innovation. We test the model with a longitudinal empirical study (1984-2002) in the fine fashion industry, explaining the main differences between a stylistic and a technological evolutionary model.  相似文献   

The Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science presented to Judah Folkman     

Janice Taylor Gordon^{Author Vitae} 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》2002,339(3):321-333

The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania awarded the 2001 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science to Judah Folkman for his founding of the field of angiogenesis research and demonstration that angiogenesis is a necessary factor in the conversion of abnormal cells to malignant tumors.  相似文献   

Component skills of text comprehension in less competent Chinese comprehenders   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Leong CK  Hau KT  Tse SK  Loh KY 《Annals of dyslexia》2007,57(1):75-97

The present study examined the role of verbal working memory (memory span and tongue-twister), two-character Chinese pseudoword reading (two tasks), rapid automatized naming (RAN) (letters and numbers), and phonological segmentation (deletion of rimes and onsets) in inferential text comprehension in Chinese in 31 less competent comprehenders compared with 37 reading comprehension control students and 23 chronological age controls. It was hypothesized that the target students would perform poorly on these cognitive and linguistic tasks as compared with their controls. Furthermore, verbal working memory and pseudoword reading would explain a considerable amount of individual variation in Chinese text comprehension. RAN would have a nonsignificant role in text comprehension. Structural equation analyses and hierarchical multiple regression analyses generally upheld these hypotheses. Our findings support current literature of the role of verbal working memory in reading comprehension found in English. The results, however, suggest differential role of the constructs and the tasks in reading comprehension and provide some answers for comprehension impairment in Chinese students.  相似文献   

Communicating feedback in teaching practice supervision in a learning-oriented field experience assessment framework     

Sylvia Yee Fan Tang  Alice Wai Kwan Chow 《Teaching and Teacher Education》2007

This article seeks to understand the ways in which feedback was communicated in post-observation conferences in teaching practice supervision within the learning-oriented field experience assessment (LOFEA) framework. 32 post-observation conferences between 21 pairs of supervisors and participants of in-service teacher education programmes, and interviews with supervisors and participants were analyzed, with findings revealed in four themes:

1.

The distribution of content and nature of feedback in post-observation conferences;  相似文献   

The female athlete triad: components, nutrition issues, and health consequences     

Manore MM  Kam LC  Loucks AB;International Association of Athletics Federations 《Journal of sports sciences》2007,25(Z1):S61-S71

This paper, which was part of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) 2007 Nutritional Consensus Conference, briefly reviews the components of the female athlete triad (Triad): energy availability, menstrual status, and bone health. Each component of the Triad spans a continuum from health to disease, and female athletes can have symptoms related to each component of the Triad to different degrees. Low energy availability is the primary factor that impairs menstrual dysfunction and bone health in the Triad. We discuss nutritional issues associated with the Triad, focusing on intakes of macronutrients needed for good health, and stress fractures, the most common injury associated with the Triad. Finally, we briefly discuss screening and treatment for the Triad and the occurrence of the Triad in men.  相似文献   

Relationship between foot strike pattern,running speed,and footwear condition in recreational distance runners     

Roy T. H. Cheung  Rodney Y. L. Wong  Tim K. W. Chung  R. T. Choi  Wendy W. Y. Leung  Diana H. Y. Shek 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(2):238-247

Compared to competitive runners, recreational runners appear to be more prone to injuries, which have been associated with foot strike patterns. Surprisingly, only few studies had examined the foot strike patterns outside laboratories. Therefore, this study compared the foot strike patterns in recreational runners at outdoor tracks with previously reported data. We also investigated the relationship between foot strike pattern, speed, and footwear in this cohort. Among 434 recreational runners analysed, 89.6% of them landed with rearfoot strike (RFS). Only 6.9 and 3.5% landed with midfoot and forefoot, respectively. A significant shift towards non-RFS was observed in our cohort, when compared with previously reported data. When speed increased by 1 m/s, the odds of having forefoot strike and midfoot strike relative to RFS increased by 2.3 times and 2.6 times, respectively. Runners were 9.2 times more likely to run with a forefoot strike in minimalists compared to regular running shoes, although 70% of runners in minimalists continued to use a RFS. These findings suggest that foot strike pattern may differ across running conditions and runners should consider these factors in order to mitigate potential injury.  相似文献   

优秀游泳运动员VO2max测试方法对比研究*     

房殿生  卞〓卡 《广州体育学院学报》2017,37(4):90-93

目的:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测量游泳运动员VO2max,对比分析三种测试方法.方法:34名游泳运动员分别用三种方法测试VO2max,对测试的VO2max进行Paired-Samples T Test和Pearson相关性分析.结果:跑台、功率自行车和手摇功率计测试VO2max均值分别为4914.6±789.91、4424.2±560.85、2859.2±347.52ml·omin-1.跑台-功率自行车、跑台-手摇功率计、功率自行车-手摇功率计配对t检验,p值为0.000、0.007、0.004.Pearson相关分析,跑台-功率自行车(r=0.920,P<0.001);跑台-手摇功率计(r=0.754,P<0.05);功率自行车-手摇功率计(r=0.801,P<0.01).结论:三种方法两-两间高度相关,均可用来测量游泳运动员的最大摄氧量,跑台和功率自行车相关度最高,建议首选跑台、其次功率自行车.  相似文献