Integrating instruction of science,reading, and writing: Goals,teacher development,and assessment     

Irene W. Gaskins  John T. Guthrie  Eric Satlow  Joyce Ostertag  Linda Six  Janice Byrne  Beth Connor 《科学教学研究杂志》1994,31(9):1039-1056

This article describes the interplay of goals, teacher development, and assessment in the context of a yearlong research and development project. The aim of the project was to integrate the teaching of science, reading, and writing processes in a conceptually based, constructivist curriculum for middle school students who read below grade level. A performance-based assessment was designed and implemented to determine the level of student awareness and control over the processes taught during a unit of instruction. Interviews with science teachers and supervisors revealed the important interaction of curricular goals, the performance assessment, and instructional practice.  相似文献   

Genetic and environmental influences on early literacy     

Brian Byrne  Richard K. Olson  Stefan Samuelsson  Sally Wadsworth  Robin Corley  John C. DeFries  Erik Willcutt 《Journal of Research in Reading》2006,29(1):33-49

Prereading and early reading skills of preschool twin children in Australia, Scandinavia and the United States were explored in a genetically sensitive design (max. N=627 preschool pairs and 422 kindergarten pairs). Analyses indicated a strong genetic influence on preschool phonological awareness, rapid naming and verbal memory. Print awareness, vocabulary and grammar/morphology were subject primarily to shared environment effects. There were significant genetic and shared environment correlations among the preschool traits. Kindergarten reading, phonological awareness and rapid naming were primarily affected by genes, and spelling was equally affected by genes and shared environment. Multivariate analyses revealed genetic and environmental overlap and independence among kindergarten variables. Longitudinal analyses showed genetic continuity as well as change in phonological awareness and rapid naming across the 2 years. Relations among the preschool variables of print awareness, phonological awareness and rapid naming and kindergarten reading were also explored in longitudinal analyses. Educational implications are discussed.  相似文献   

Is attending lectures still relevant in engineering education?     

J. Fitzpatrick  K. Cronin  E. Byrne 《European Journal of Engineering Education》2011,36(3):301-312

A case study was conducted on a group of undergraduate chemical engineering students to assess the relevance of attending lectures from a student perspective and to understand why these students attend and do not attend lectures with a view to developing approaches to teaching, which are of greater interest and benefit to student learning. The students were surveyed by means of a questionnaire-type survey, which collected both quantitative and qualitative data from them. The majority of students stated that lectures are still very beneficial to their learning and are not an out-of-date mode of education. The major reasons for lecture non-attendance were time priority and curriculum overload issues with other scholarly activities and poor quality teaching. The students provided a number of suggestions to improve lectures and lecture attendance, including the incorporation of active learning in lectures, linking lectures to assessment and adding extra value to what is already in the notes.  相似文献   

Little Evidence That Socioeconomic Status Modifies Heritability of Literacy and Numeracy in Australia     

Katrina L. Grasby  William L. Coventry  Brian Byrne  Richard K. Olson 《Child development》2019,90(2):623-637

Socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to moderate the influence of genes and the environment on cognitive ability, such that genetic influence is greater when SES is higher, and the shared environment is greater when SES is lower, but not in all Western countries. The effects of both family and school SES on the heritability of literacy and numeracy in Australian twins aged 8, 10, 12, and 14 years with 1,307, 1,235, 1,076, and 930 pairs at each age, respectively, were tested. Shared environmental influences on Grade 3 literacy were greater with low family SES, and no other moderating effects of SES were significant. These findings are contrasted with results from the United States and the United Kingdom.  相似文献   

Education undergraduates and ICT‐enhanced academic dishonesty: A moral panic?     

Kevin Byrne  John Trushell 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2013,44(1):6-19

This paper reports an illuminative small‐scale study that trialled a survey instrument with 55 final‐year undergraduates categorised by age. The survey investigated students' use of information and communication technologies (ICT), including the Internet, and students' engagement in lecturer impressing strategies and cheating behaviours such as plagiarism. The study disclosed differences in ICT usage by age, but these differences did not achieve significance. The study disclosed also that 0.27 of the sample had reported a single instance of cheating behaviours while 0.2 of the sample had reported multiple instances of cheating behaviours. Analyses of data discerned no significant correlations between these cheating behaviours and age or ICT capability, but significant negative correlations were found between cheating behaviours and engagement in certain Internet activities. Inferences are tentatively drawn for further research and for academic practices.  相似文献   

Book Review Section 3     

Patricia R. Lawler  Ann Byrne von Hoffman  Thomas A. Barlow  David O. Porter  Teddie W. Porter  D. L. Bachelor 《Educational Studies A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association》2013,49(1-2):24-37

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Quality in Teacher Education: a suppressed theme?     

Friedrich Buchberger  Kieran Byrne 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1995,18(1):9-23

With the emergence of neo‐conservative and neo‐liberal ideologies since the early eighties the formula “quality” has superseded continuously the leitmotif “equality of educational opportunities” in debates on education in most member states of OECD—initially as reaction against reforms in the secondary sector of education, then in higher education by focusing on economic and administrative aspects. Although the term “quality” has remained rather vague, it has dominated debates on education since the early nineties and some observers even speak of a “quality movement”. With a certain delay, the same applies to teacher education (TE) and one may hold the impression that TE has been surprised by discussions on “quality in/of TE” which focus on economic and administrative aspects—aspects suppressed in most systems of TE in the member states of the European Union (EU) so far. This article analyses the complex background of debates on “quality in TE” by focusing on sociological perspectives and arguments of the educational sciences. Then it defines problem areas of TE which seem to be in need of improvement. Thirdly, it discusses measures to deal with perceived problems by taking into account experiences in various European countries discussed on occasion of an all‐European seminar of experts supported by the Commission of the European Union. In dynamic societies even preserving the existing “quality” of education systems and TE calls for permanent improvement. If it is intended to increase the “quality” of TE, improvements seem to be indispensable both permanently and of a substantial nature. Based on existing strength of TE and on continuous evaluation, improvements and reforms will be necessary both in its curricula (e.g. aims contents, methodologies) and in its organisational as well as administrative areas. Research in TE as well as competencies of teacher educators will have to play crucial roles. It might become possible to deal with a suppressed theme more pro‐actively.  相似文献   

Longitudinal twin study of early reading development in three countries: Preliminary results     

Brian Byrne  Cara Delaland  Ruth Fielding-Barnsley  Peter Quain  Stefan Samuelsson  Torleiv Høien  Robin Corley  John C. DeFries  Sally Wadsworth  Erik Willcutt  Richard K. Olson 《Annals of dyslexia》2002,52(1):47-73

We have initiated parallel longitudinal studies in Australia (Byrne, PI), the United States (Olson, PI), and Norway (Samuelsson, PI) of identical and fraternal twins who are being tested in preschool for prereading skills, and in kindergarten, first grade, and second grade for the development of early reading, spelling, and related cognitive skills. Comparisons of the similarities of identical and fraternal twins will reveal the relative influence of genetic, shared family environment, and nonshared environment on individual differences at and across different stages of development. Family and twin-specific environmental information is also being directly assessed through parent questionnaires and observations by testers. Most of the data collected so far have been from preschool twins (146 in Australia, 284 in the United States, and 70 in Norway). Preliminary analyses for the preschool cognitive measures showed reliable genetic influences on phonological awareness and several measures of memory and learning. In contrast, vocabulary, grammar, and morphology showed significant shared environment and negligible genetic effects. A print knowledge composite showed both genetic and shared environment influence.  相似文献   

Australia's programme of educational assistance to developing countries: The place of basic education     

Anne Byrne 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》1994,40(6):455-468

Australia's programme of educational assistance to developing countries is devoted overwhelmingly to higher education, which accounts for over three quarters of the country's assistance to the educational sector. This article considers the rationale for this and shows that Australia's policy in this area is driven primarily by commercial considerations. The country's educational assistance to the Pacific Island Countries serves to illustrate this point. The author advocates increased assistance to programmes of basic education. She argues that a focus on basic education has greater relevance to developing countries, and that there is a need to rethink Australia's priorities in allocating educational assistance.

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Zusammenfassung Australiens Programm über Bildungshilfen für Entwicklungsländer konzentriert sich im wesentlichen auf die höhere Bildung, für die mehr als drei Viertel der Hilfestellung des Landes auf dem Bildungssektor aufgewendet wird. Dieser Artikel untersucht die Gründe dafür und zeigt auf, daß Australiens Politik zu diesem Thema hauptsächlich von kommerziellen Interessen gesteuert wird. Hilfeleistungen für die pazifischen Inseln im Bildungsbereich verdeutlichen dieses Argument. Die Autorin befürwortet ein gesteigertes Interesse an Grundbildungsprogrammen. Sie argumentiert, daß eine Schwerpunktsetzung auf die Grundbildung für Entwicklungsländer von größerem Nutzen sei, und daß Australiens Prioritäten bei der Zuweisung von Bildungshilfen zu überdenken seien.

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Résumé Le programme australien d'assistance pédagogique aux pays en voie de développement est réservé pour une part considérable à l'éducation supérieure, celleci représentant plus des trois quarts de la coopération pédagogique de ce pays. L'article en analyse la raison d'être et démontre que la politique australienne dans ce domaine est animée en premier lieu par des considérations commerciales, à l'appui de l'exemple fourni par l'assistance pédagogique dans les Iles du Pacifique. L'auteur plaide pour un soutien qui s'orienterait bien davantage sur les programmes d'éducation de base. Elle argumente que les pays en voie de développement ont un besoin primordial en éducation de base, et que l'Australie doit donc réviser ses priorités en matière de coopération pédagogique.

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The views expressed in this article are those of the author rather than of any organization for which the author has worked.  相似文献   

Unstable Space: Mapping the Antarctic for Children in “Heroic Era” Antarctic Literature     

Sinead Moriarty 《Children‘s Literature in Education》2017,48(1):56-72

This article examines the Antarctic landscape as one of the last places in the world to be explored and mapped, and as one of the most changeable landscapes in the world. The mapping exercises involved in the early, heroic-era Antarctic expeditions, helped to reduce a once mysterious and unknown landscape into a known entity, something that could be contained and restrained through visual representation. These maps focus on the limits of landscape, on the outer edges and the upper peaks and so mapping minimises and places limits upon landscapes, creating an image of the landscape which is static, re-presented for human consumption. The article will, therefore, look at the use of maps in a cross-section of six heroic-era Antarctic non-fiction narratives for children written within the last twenty years, and which recount the early Antarctic expeditions, recreating and re-presenting heroic-era maps as a means of enforcing stasis on this dynamic landscape. The children’s stories, such as Michael McCurdy’s Trapped by the Ice! (1997), Meredith Hooper’s Race to the Pole (2002), and Dowdeswell, Dowdeswell & Seddon’s Scott of the Antarctic (2012), show that the stultifying effect of maps is exacerbated in the children’s heroic-era narratives as they seek to fix the landscape geographically, as well as temporally, in the early twentieth century. The article will examine the way in which the maps in the modern retellings of heroic-era narratives seek to undermine the mutable nature of the Antarctic in order to present the child reader with an image of the continent, which is dominated by stasis.  相似文献