Effects of biology teachers’ professional knowledge and cognitive activation on students’ achievement     

Christian Förtsch  Sonja Werner  Lena von Kotzebue  Birgit J. Neuhaus 《International Journal of Science Education》2016,38(17):2642-2666

This study examined the effects of teachers’ biology-specific dimensions of professional knowledge – pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) and content knowledge (CK) – and cognitively activating biology instruction, as a feature of instructional quality, on students’ learning. The sample comprised 39 German secondary school teachers whose lessons on the topic neurobiology were videotaped twice. Teachers’ instruction was coded with regard to cognitive activation using a rating manual. Multilevel path analysis results showed a positive significant effect of cognitive activation on students’ learning and an indirect effect of teachers’ PCK on students’ learning mediated through cognitive activation. These findings highlight the importance of PCK in preservice biology teachers’ education. Items of the rating manual may be used to provide exemplars of concrete teaching situations during university seminars for preservice teacher education or professional development initiatives for in-service teachers.  相似文献   

Portable X-ray fluorescence analysis of pesticides in the textile collection at the German Historical Museum,Berlin     

Sonja Krug  Oliver Hahn 《文物保护研究》2014,59(6):355-366

The majority of the objects found in the textiles collection at the German Historical Museum in Berlin have been treated with different biocides at various points in the past. Prior to this study, the presence of organochlorinated pesticides in rooms and storage cabinets had already been proven in an analysis of air samples that employed gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. To estimate the risks these toxins pose to both collections and museum staff, we conducted a field study with the help of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer. In this study, we present an attempt at a reliable quantitative analysis. In addition to chlorine, other potentially hazardous elements such as lead, arsenic, and mercury were found in the majority of the objects. In some cases, however, it has to be taken into account that the detected elements might have originated from manufacturing processes rather than biocide treatments. Such knowledge is a crucial prerequisite to proper risk prediction.  相似文献   

The concurrence of the current postanalytical phase management with the national recommendations: a survey of the Working Group for Postanalytics of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine     

Anja Jokic  Vladimira Rimac  Jelena Vlasic Tanaskovic  Sonja Podolar  Lorena Honovic  Jasna Lenicek Krleza 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2021,31(3)

IntroductionThe detection and prevention of errors in the postanalytical phase can be done through the harmonization and standardization of constituent parts of this phase of laboratory work. The aim was to investigate how well the ongoing management of the postanalytical phase corresponds to the document “Post-analytical laboratory work: national recommendations” in Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories (MBLs).Materials and methodsAll 195 MBLs participating in the national external quality assessment scheme, were invited to undertake a part in a survey. Through 23 questions the participants were asked about management of the reference intervals (RI), delta check, reflex/reflective testing, postanalytical quality indicators and other parts of the postanalytical phase recommended in the national recommendations. The results are presented in numbers and percentages.ResultsOut of 195 MBLs, 119 participated in the survey, giving a response rate of 61%. Not all of the respondents provided answers to all the questions. Delta check has not been used in 59% (70/118) of the laboratories. Only 22/113 (20%) laboratories use reflex and/or reflective testing. In 53% of the laboratories, critical results were reported within 30 minutes of the confirmation of the results. In 34% (40/118) of the laboratories, turnaround time and reporting of critical results are two most often monitored postanalytical quality indicators.ConclusionThe results showed the critical results reporting and monitoring of postanalytical quality indicators are in the line with the recommendations. However, the management of RI verification, the use of delta check and reflex/reflective testing still must be harmonized among Croatian MBLs.  相似文献   

Educational needs and the philosophy of democratization in higher education in Yugoslavia     

Nikša Nikola Šoljan 《Prospects》1979,9(1):58-68

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Parents' comprehension of psychological reports     

Judith Wiener  Sonja Kohler 《Psychology in the schools》1986,23(3):265-270

The purpose of this study was to investigate parents' comprehension of psychological reports, employing the same method used by Wiener (1985) in a similar study of teachers. Forty-five parents of handicapped children completed questionnaires and semantic differentials to assess their comprehension of and preference for three formats of psychological reports. As in the earlier study with teachers, it was found that parents comprehended better reports that organize information by functional domain, that describe strengths and problems in clear behavioural terms, that describe the child's learning style fully, and that state specific and elaborate program recommendations. Parents preferred these reports over shorter reports that did not have the above features. They especially liked reports that explicitly respond to the referral questions.  相似文献