A validated search assessment tool: assessing practice-based learning and improvement in a residency program     

Gurpreet K Rana  Doreen R Bradley  Stanley J Hamstra  Paula T Ross  Robert E Schumacher  John G Frohna  Hilary M Haftel  Monica L Lypson 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2011,99(1):77-81

Objective:

The objective of this study was to validate an assessment instrument for MEDLINE search strategies at an academic medical center.

Method:

Two approaches were used to investigate if the search assessment tool could capture performance differences in search strategy construction. First, data from an evaluation of MEDLINE searches from a pediatric resident''s longitudinal assessment were investigated. Second, a cross-section of search strategies from residents in one incoming class was compared with strategies of residents graduating a year later. MEDLINE search strategies formulated by faculty who had been identified as having search expertise were used as a gold standard comparison. Participants were presented with a clinical scenario and asked to identify the search question and conduct a MEDLINE search. Two librarians rated the blinded search strategies.

Results:

Search strategy scores were significantly higher for residents who received training than the comparison group with no training. There was no significant difference in search strategy scores between senior residents who received training and faculty experts.

Conclusion:

The results provide evidence for the validity of the instrument to evaluate MEDLINE search strategies. This assessment tool can measure improvements in information-seeking skills and provide data to fulfill Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies.

Highlights

• The University of Michigan MEDLINE Search Assessment tool can be used to assess search skills in residency education.
• Five elements were identified as critical elements in the development of an effective MEDLINE search strategy: inclusion of all search concepts, appropriate use of Medical Subject Headings, appropriate use of search limits, successful combination of all concepts, and search efficiency.

Implications

• This validated assessment tool can serve as an effective means to measure improvements in residents'' information-seeking skills and provide data to fulfill Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education competencies.

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Ethics in e-trust and e-trustworthiness: the case of direct computer-patient interfaces     

Philip J. Nickel 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(4):355-363

In this paper, I examine the ethics of e-trust and e-trustworthiness in the context of health care, looking at direct computer-patient interfaces (DCPIs), information systems that provide medical information, diagnosis, advice, consenting and/or treatment directly to patients without clinicians as intermediaries. Designers, manufacturers and deployers of such systems have an ethical obligation to provide evidence of their trustworthiness to users. My argument for this claim is based on evidentialism about trust and trustworthiness: the idea that trust should be based on sound evidence of trustworthiness. Evidence of trustworthiness is a broader notion than one might suppose, including not just information about the risks and performance of the system, but also interactional and context-based information. I suggest some sources of evidence in this broader sense that make it plausible that designers, manufacturers and deployers of DCPIs can provide evidence to users that is cognitively simple, easy to communicate, yet rationally connected with actual trustworthiness.  相似文献   

e-Trust and reputation     

Thomas W. Simpson 《Ethics and Information Technology》2011,13(1):29-38

Trust online can be a hazardous affair; many are trustworthy, but some people use the anonymity of the web to behave very badly indeed. So how can we improve the quality of evidence for trustworthiness provided online? I focus on one of the devices we use to secure others’ trustworthiness: tracking past conduct through online reputation systems. Yet existing reputation systems face problems. I analyse these, and in the light of this develop some principles for system design, towards overcoming these challenges. In providing better evidence for trustworthiness online, so we can also encourage people actually to be trustworthy more often, which is an ethically welcome outcome.  相似文献   

Transport and shear in a microfluidic membrane bilayer device for cell culture     

Inamdar NK  Griffith LG  Borenstein JT 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(2):22213

Microfluidic devices have been established as useful platforms for cell culture for a broad range of applications, but challenges associated with controlling gradients of oxygen and other soluble factors and hemodynamic shear forces in small, confined channels have emerged. For instance, simple microfluidic constructs comprising a single cell culture compartment in a dynamic flow condition must handle tradeoffs between sustaining oxygen delivery and limiting hemodynamic shear forces imparted to the cells. These tradeoffs present significant difficulties in the culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), where shear is known to regulate signaling, proliferation, and expression. Several approaches designed to shield cells in microfluidic devices from excessive shear while maintaining sufficient oxygen concentrations and transport have been reported. Here we present the relationship between oxygen transport and shear in a "membrane bilayer" microfluidic device, in which soluble factors are delivered to a cell population by means of flow through a proximate channel separated from the culture channel by a membrane. We present an analytical model that describes the characteristics of this device and its ability to independently modulate oxygen delivery and hemodynamic shear imparted to the cultured cells. This bilayer configuration provides a more uniform oxygen concentration profile that is possible in a single-channel system, and it enables independent tuning of oxygen transport and shear parameters to meet requirements for MSCs and other cells known to be sensitive to hemodynamic shear stresses.  相似文献   

Membrane-integrated microfluidic device for high-resolution live cell imaging     

Epshteyn AA  Maher S  Taylor AJ  Holton AB  Borenstein JT  Cuiffi JD 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(4):46501-465016

The design and fabrication of a membrane-integrated microfluidic cell culture device (five layers,≤500 μm total thickness) developed for high resolution microscopy is reported here. The multi-layer device was constructed to enable membrane separated cell culture for tissue mimetic in vitro model applications and pharmacodynamic evaluation studies. The microdevice was developed via a unique combination of low profile fluidic interconnect design, substrate transfer methodology, and wet silane bonding. To demonstrate the unique high resolution imaging capability of this device, we used oil immersion microscopy to image stained nuclei and mitochondria in primary hepatocytes adhered to the incorporated membrane  相似文献   

The dynamics of the impact and coalescence of droplets on a solid surface   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Castrejón-Pita JR  Betton ES  Kubiak KJ  Wilson MC  Hutchings IM 《Biomicrofluidics》2011,5(1):14112

A simple experimental setup to study the impact and coalescence of deposited droplets is described. Droplet impact and coalescence have been investigated by high-speed particle image velocimetry. Velocity fields near the liquid-substrate interface have been observed for the impact and coalescence of 2.4 mm diameter droplets of glycerol∕water striking a flat transparent substrate in air. The experimental arrangement images the internal flow in the droplets from below the substrate with a high-speed camera and continuous laser illumination. Experimental results are in the form of digital images that are processed by particle image velocimetry and image processing algorithms to obtain velocity fields, droplet geometries, and contact line positions. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations by the lattice Boltzmann method.  相似文献   

Individualism-collectivism and business context as predictors of behaviors in cross-national work settings: Incidence and outcomes     

Peter B. Smith  Cláudio V. TorresAlena Chudzikova  Serdar DegirmenciogluFrancisco Donoso-Maluf  Nancy Chen Yi FengCharles Harb  Brad JacksonSigmar Malvezzi  Andrew MogajiJuan Carlos Pastor  Lorena Perez-FlorianoB.N. Srivastava  Günter StahlStephanie Thomason  Vladimir Yanchuk 《Int J Intercult Relat》2011,35(4):440-451

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Terms and nomenclature     

Winter EM  Knudson DV 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(10):999-1000

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Decreasing the proportion of self-control trials during the acquisition period does not compromise the learning advantages in a self-controlled context     

Patterson JT  Carter M  Sanli E 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2011,82(4):624-633

The present experiment examined the learning effects of participants self-controlling their receipt of knowledge of results (KR) on all or half of their acquisition trials (50%). For participants who were provided 50% self-control, the first half of their acquisition period consisted of receiving KR on all trials, or according to a faded-KR schedule. Participants practiced a sequential timing task. The results showed that independent of practice condition, participants who self-controlled their KR during the acquisition period demonstrated superior performance compared to the respective yoked conditions in the retention and transfer portion of the experiment. These results extend previous research by suggesting that decreasing the proportion of self-control trials does not compromise learning in a self-controlled context.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Anti-hypertrophic Potential of Enicostemma littorale Blume on Isoproterenol Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy     

V. A. Doss  Dharaniyambigai Kuberapandian 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2021,36(1):33

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-hypertrophic potential of the aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale (E. littorale) against isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophic rat models (male albino Wistar rats) through biochemical investigations. Aqueous extract of E. littorale known for various beneficial properties was administered (100 mg/kg, 12 days, oral) to isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophic rats (low ISO—60 mg/kg, 12 days and high ISO—100 mg/kg, 12 days, subcutaneous) and were compared with group that was treated with the reference drug, Losartan (10 mg kg, administered for 12 days, oral). The anti-hypertrophic effect of E. littorale was evaluated by analysing the morphometric indices of the heart, ECG tracings, changes in blood biochemical parameters viz., serum glucose, serum total protein, serum albumin, lipid profile, cardiac specific enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and LDH) and histopathological examination of the heart tissue. The results fundamentally revealed that the plant extract efficiently ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO injected in experimental rats. The outcomes of biochemical investigations of this study highlighted the association between the hypertrophic β-adrenergic receptor signalling (β-AR) and the 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) axis in the metabolism of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. This β-AR/AMPK-PGC1α signalling stem can serve as a key target in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy through focus on its principal regulators. To add, we also propose that the glycoside, swertiamarin present in this plant with the reported anti-fibrotic potential in liver can be further isolated and evaluated for its anti-hypertrophic potential to treat cardiac hypertrophy.  相似文献