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171.
172.
Eszter Somogyi Mollie Hamilton Lisa K. Chinn Lisa Jacquey Tobias Heed Matej Hoffmann Jeffrey J. Lockman Jacqueline Fagard J. Kevin O'Regan 《Child development》2023,94(3):e154-e165
This longitudinal study investigated the effect of experience with tactile stimulation on infants' ability to reach to targets on the body, an important adaptive skill. Infants were provided weekly tactile stimulation on eight body locations from 4 to 8 months of age (N = 11), comparing their ability to reach to the body to infants in a control group who did not receive stimulation (N = 10). Infants who received stimulation were more likely to successfully reach targets on the body than controls by 7 months of age. These findings indicate that tactile stimulation facilitates the development of reaching to the body by allowing infants to explore the sensorimotor correlations emerging from the stimulation. 相似文献
173.
In this article, we examine the mental processes and representations that are required of laypersons when learning about science issues from texts. We begin by defining scientific literacy as the ability to understand and critically evaluate scientific content in order to achieve one's goals. We then present 3 challenges of learning from science texts: the intrinsic complexity of science phenomena, the need to coordinate multiple documents of various types, and the rhetorical structure of the texts themselves. Because scientific information focuses on models, theories, explanations, and evidence, we focus on how explanatory and argumentative texts are processed. Then we examine 2 components of executive control in reading—goal-directed guidance and evaluation of content—that readers can acquire and adopt to deal with these challenges. Finally, we discuss 3 implications that these theories and empirical findings have for interventions intended to improve laypersons’ understanding of scientific information. 相似文献
174.
The inter-rater reliability of university students’ evaluations of teaching quality was examined with cross-classified multilevel models. Students (N = 480) evaluated lectures and seminars over three years with a standardised evaluation questionnaire, yielding 4224 data points. The total variance of these student evaluations was separated into the variance components of courses, teachers, students and the student/teacher interaction. The substantial variance components of teachers and courses suggest reliability. However, a similar proportion of variance was due to students, and the interaction of students and teachers was the strongest source of variance. Students’ individual perceptions of teaching and the fit of these perceptions with the particular teacher greatly influence their evaluations. This casts some doubt on the validity of student evaluations as indicators of teaching quality and suggests that aggregated evaluation scores should be used with caution. 相似文献
175.
Rachita Sharma Tobias Blackburn Weiwei Hu Kelly Wiltberger Orlin D. Velev 《Biomicrofluidics》2014,8(5)
The characterization of cell viability is a challenging task in applied biotechnology, as no clear definition of cell death exists. Cell death is accompanied with a change in the electrical properties of the membrane as well as the cell interior. Therefore, changes in the physiology of cells can be characterized by monitoring of their dielectric properties. We correlated the dielectric properties of industrially used mammalian cells, sedimented over interdigitated microelectrodes, to the AC signal response across the chip. The voltage waveforms across the electrodes were processed to obtain the circuit impedance, which was used to quantify the changes in cell viability. We observed an initial decrease in impedance, after which it remained nearly constant. The results were compared with data from the dye exclusion viability test, the cell specific oxygen uptake rate, and the online viable cell density data from capacitance probes. The microelectrode technique was found to be sensitive to physiological changes taking place inside the cells before their membrane integrity is compromised. Such accurate determination of the metabolic status during this initial period, which turned out to be less well captured in the dye exclusion tests, may be essential for several biotechnology operations. 相似文献
176.
Thilo Ernst Clemens Klein-Robbenhaar André Nordwig und Tobias Schrag 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2000,15(1):33-50
Zusammenfassung. Es wird eine werkzeugunterstützte Entwicklungsmethodik vorgestellt, die der Erstellung von Berechnungsmodellen für die Simulation
hybrider physikalisch-technischer Systeme dient. Dafür werden verschiedene Modellbeschreibungstechniken dargestellt und klassifiziert,
die anschlie?end in einen falltypischen Entwicklungsproze? eingebettet werden, der auf hybriden Erweiterungen von UML und
Z basiert. Die Simulationsumgebung Smile (http://buran.fb10.tu-berlin.de/Energietechnik/EVT\_KT/smile/) erm?glicht schlie?lich die generische Erzeugung eines ausführbaren
Simulators. Architektur und Kernkomponenten dieses Systems, wie beispielsweise L?sungsverfahren und Experimentshell, werden
eingehender diskutiert. Ein Anwendungsbeispiel illustriert den beschriebenen Entwicklungsproze?.
Eingegangen am 15. Juli 1999 / Angenommen am 12. November 1999 相似文献
177.
Marina Klimovich Simon P. Tiffin-Richards Tobias Richter 《Journal of Research in Reading》2023,46(2):123-142