Beliefs about Genes and Environment as Determinants of Behavioral Characteristics     

Singer  Eleanor; Antonucci  Toni C.; Burmeister  Margit; Couper  Mick P.; Raghunathan  Trivellore E.; Van Hoewyk  John 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2007,19(3):331-353

This study investigates beliefs about the determinants of suchbehavioral characteristics as intelligence, athleticism, obesity,and alcoholism by asking respondents to the 2004 General SocialSurvey to rate vignettes describing individuals exhibiting thesecharacteristics along a 21-point scale ranging from completegenetic determination to complete environmental determination.The vignettes systematically varied the social desirabilityof the characteristic as well as the race and gender of theperson exhibiting it. We analyzed the effect of the carefullycounterbalanced vignette characteristics and the correspondingrater characteristics on respondents’ ratings of the vignettes,hypothesizing that these ratings would reflect mechanisms ofclaiming credit for desirable characteristics and avoiding blamefor undesirable ones. Contrary to our expectations, we foundno effect of any of the vignette characteristics on the ratings,and only two significant main effects of respondent demographiccharacteristics: Black respondents were more likely to use geneticratings; and better educated respondents, environmental ones. Received for publication October 26, 2006. Accepted for publication April 23, 2007.  相似文献   

Ethics: The science of morals; the department of study concerned with the principles of human duty. From the OED     

Toni Carbo  Editor  Daniel Joudrey  Editorial Assistant 《International Information and Library Review》2000,32(3-4):251-252

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A Custom-Designed Free-Form Computer Data Management System     

Toni E. Herrin  John L. Steele 《Curator: The Museum Journal》1987,30(3):216-226

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Flexibly Using the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum to Study Alignment     

Morgan S. Polikoff  Hovanes Gasparian  Shira Korn  Martin Gamboa  Andrew C. Porter  Toni Smith  Michael S. Garet 《Educational Measurement》2020,39(2):38-47

As the standards movement continues into its third decade, there remains a need for alignment methodologies that can be broadly applied to study instruction and policy. This article reports on a series of development efforts meant to revise the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) surveys and methods to study the implementation of new college- and career-readiness standards. The work included a meeting of content experts, a series of cognitive interviews, two validation studies, and a small pilot. We discuss both the results of the specific studies and the implications of the work for other potential users of the SEC or SEC-like tools.  相似文献   

Measuring the potential for child maltreatment: the reliability and validity of the Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory--2     

Conners NA  Whiteside-Mansell L  Deere D  Ledet T  Edwards MC 《Child abuse & neglect》2006,30(1):39-53

OBJECTIVE: The field of child protection needs reliable and valid methods of assessing the potential for child abuse and neglect. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Adult Adolescent Parenting Inventory--2 (AAPI-2), Form B, using a sample of 309 low-income, rural families in a southern state. METHOD: The AAPI-2 is a 40-item survey designed to assess the parenting and child rearing attitudes of adult and adolescent parent and pre-parent populations. Each of the five AAPI-2 scales was (a) examined using factor analysis in order to determine the unidimensionality of the scale, (b) evaluated based on estimates of the scales reliability in order to determine the consistency with which the construct was measured, and (c) when possible, examined to determine if it is related to other constructs in meaningful and expected ways. RESULTS: While the factor structure reported by the developer was not fully confirmed in this sample, there is some evidence that the instrument is measuring at least two of the constructs it purports to measure and that the total score may be useful. Correlations with other instruments measuring parenting behavior and child behavior were significant, and in the expected direction, offering some support for the validity of the AAPI-2. CONCLUSIONS: While the AAPI-2 appears to measure attitudes related to harsh or neglectful parenting, caution should be used in the interpretation of the individual AAPI-2 scales.  相似文献   

Cortisol Reactivity to Social Stress as a Mediator of Early Adversity on Risk and Adaptive Outcomes     

Elisabeth Conradt  Beau Abar  Barry M. Lester  Linda L. LaGasse  Seetha Shankaran  Henrietta Bada  Charles R. Bauer  Toni M. Whitaker  Jane A. Hammond 《Child development》2014,85(6):2279-2298

Children chronically exposed to stress early in life are at increased risk for maladaptive outcomes, though the physiological mechanisms driving these effects are unknown. Cortisol reactivity was tested as a mediator of the relation between prenatal substance exposure and/or early adversity on adaptive and maladaptive outcomes. Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of prenatal substance exposure (N = 860). Cortisol reactivity was assessed at age 11. Among African Americans, prenatal substance exposure exerted an indirect effect through early adversity and cortisol reactivity to predict externalizing behavior, delinquency, and a positive student–teacher relationship at age 11. Decreased cortisol reactivity was related to maladaptive outcomes, and increased cortisol reactivity predicted better executive functioning and a more positive student–teacher relationship.  相似文献   

„Arbeitersportler schlagt Hitler!“     

Horst Giesler  Toni Niewerth 《Sportwissenschaft》1997,27(4):452-455

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The different impact of a structured peer-assessment task in relation to university undergraduates’ initial writing skills     

Marta Ramon-Casas  Neus Nuño  Ferran Pons  Toni Cunillera 《Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education》2019,44(5):653-663

This article presents an empirical evaluation of the validity and reliability of a peer-assessment activity to improve academic writing competences. Specifically, we explored a large group of psychology undergraduate students with different initial writing skills. Participants (n?=?365) produced two different essays, which were evaluated by their course peers and professors using a specific grading instrument (rubric). The validity of the task was demonstrated by a high inter-grader agreement and a strong degree of consistency between the ratings of the peers and professors. Although all students did not improve their writing skills between their first and second essays, the peer-assessment activity enhanced the writing abilities of low but not high-achieving participants. The pedagogical implications of these results are discussed.  相似文献   

Urban School Reform vis‐a‐vis Urban Student Populations     

Toni Griego Jones 《Equity & Excellence in Education》2013,46(2-4):192-199

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The Need for Research Replication: An Example from Studies on Perfectionism and Gifted Early Adolescents     

Toni A. Sondergeld  Robert Arthur Schultz  Linda K. Glover 《Roeper Review》2013,35(5):19-25

Replication studies are essential with any construct of interest in order to provide further depth and understanding. This study replicated Siegle and Schuler's (2000) perfectionism study with gifted early adolescents. Perfectionism differences among grade level, birth order, and gender were explored using a between-subjects factorial MANOVA. Similar to the previous study, we found that the FMPS is an appropriate measure of perfectionism in gifted adolescents (grades 6–8) and that females have greater concern over Organization than males. However, there were many differences in our results compared to the previous study, highlighting the continued need to study and replicate existing work before generalizations can be made about gifted early adolescents.  相似文献