Temperament,tympanum, and temperature: four provisional studies of the biobehavioral correlates of tympanic membrane temperature asymmetries     

Boyce WT  Essex MJ  Alkon A  Smider NA  Pickrell T  Kagan J 《Child development》2002,73(3):718-733

Previous research in both humans and nonhuman primates suggests that subtle asymmetries in tympanic membrane (TM) temperatures may be related to aspects of cognition and socioaffective behavior. Such associations could plausibly reflect lateralities in cerebral blood flow that support side-to-side differences in regional cortical activation. Asymmetries in activation of the left and right frontal cortex, for example, are correlates of temperamental differences in child behavior and markers of risk status for affective and anxiety disorders. Tympanic membrane temperatures might thus reflect the neural asymmetries that subserve individual differences in temperament and behavior. This report merged findings from four geographically and demographically distinctive studies, which utilized identical thermometry methods to examine associations between TM temperature asymmetries and biobehavioral attributes of 4- to 8-year-old children (N = 468). The four studies produced shared patterns of associations that linked TM temperature lateralities to individual differences in behavior and socioaffective difficulties. Warmer left TMs were associated with "surgent," affectively positive behaviors, whereas warmer right TMs were related to problematic, affectively negative behaviors. Taken together, these findings suggest that asymmetries in TM temperatures could be associated with behavior problems that signal risk for developmental psychopathology.  相似文献   

Inquiry in interaction: How local adaptations of curricula shape classroom communities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Noel Enyedy  Jennifer Goldberg 《科学教学研究杂志》2004,41(9):905-935

In this study, we seek a better understanding of how individuals and their daily interactions shape and reshape social structures that constitute a classroom community. Moreover, we provide insight into how discourse and classroom interactions shape the nature of a learning community, as well as which aspects of the classroom culture may be consequential for learning. The participants in this study include two teachers who are implementing a new environmental science program, Global Learning through Observation to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE), and interacting with 54 children in an urban middle school. Both qualitative and quantitative data are analyzed and presented. To gain a better understanding of the inquiry teaching within classroom communities, we compare and contrast the discourse and interactions of the two teachers during three parallel environmental science lessons. The focus of our analysis includes (1) how the community identifies the object or goal of its activity; and (2) how the rights, rules, and roles for members are established and inhabited in interaction. Quantitative analyses of student pre‐ and posttests suggest greater learning for students in one classroom over the other, providing support for the influence of the classroom community and interactional choices of the teacher on student learning. Implications of the findings from this study are discussed in the context of curricular design, professional development, and educational reform. ? 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 41: 905‐935, 2004.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of interventions adopting a whole school approach to enhancing social and emotional development: a meta-analysis     

Goldberg  Jochem M.  Sklad  Marcin  Elfrink  Teuntje R.  Schreurs  Karlein M. G.  Bohlmeijer  Ernst T.  Clarke  Aleisha M. 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》2019,34(4):755-782

This article presents findings from a meta-analysis which sought to determine the effectiveness of interventions adopting a whole school approach to enhancing children and young people’s social and emotional development. Whole school interventions were included if they involved a coordinated set of activities across curriculum teaching, school ethos and environment, and family and community partnerships. A total of 45 studies (30 interventions) involving 496,299 participants were included in the analysis. Post-intervention outcomes demonstrated significant but small improvements in participants’ social and emotional adjustment (d = 0.220), behavioural adjustment (d = 0.134), and internalising symptoms (d = 0.109). Interventions were not shown to impact on academic achievement. Origin of study and the inclusion of a community component as part of a whole school approach were found to be significant moderators for social and emotional outcomes. Further research is required to determine the active ingredients of whole school interventions that we can better understand the components necessary to achieve successful outcomes.

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Preschool selection considerations and experiences of school mistreatment among lesbian,gay, and heterosexual adoptive parents     

Abbie E. Goldberg  JuliAnna Z. Smith 《Early childhood research quarterly》2014

The current study is the first to investigate the school selection considerations and school-related experiences of sexual-minority parents with young children. The sample consisted of 210 parents in 105 couples, including 35 lesbian couples, 30 gay male couples, and 40 heterosexual couples, all of whom had adopted a child three years earlier. We found that parents with less income were more likely to consider cost in choosing a preschool, and parents with less education were more likely to consider location. More educated parents tended to emphasize racial diversity and the presence of adoptive families, and, among sexual-minority parents, the presence of other lesbian/gay parents. Sexual-minority parents were more likely to consider racial diversity than heterosexual parents. In reporting on their experiences with schools, heterosexual parents were more likely to perceive mistreatment due to their adoptive status than sexual-minority parents, and sexual-minority parents living in less gay-friendly communities were more likely to perceive mistreatment due to their sexual orientation than sexual-minority parents living in more gay-friendly communities. Our findings have implications for early childhood educators and administrators seeking to create an inclusive learning community for all types of families.  相似文献   

Top-down training pays off at Mount Sinai hospital     

Goldberg A 《Training (New York, N.Y.)》1979,16(10):91-93

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Systems Thinking and Ecosystemic Psychology     

Ken Tyler 《教育心理学》1996,16(1):21-34

This paper outlines the systems aspects of ecosystemic psychology. The terms ‘system’ and ‘systemic’ have a wide range of meanings and the main purpose of the present paper is to clarify the way in which these terms are used in ecosystemics. A general review of systems theory is provided in order to identify those issues which are relevant to the present discussion. The paper shows that, although social constructionist views are relevant, hermeneu‐tic considerations are far more important in ecosystemic psychology.  相似文献   

What Is Needed,What Is Valued: Trans Students’ Perspectives on Trans-Inclusive Policies and Practices in Higher Education     

Abbie E. Goldberg  Genny Beemyn  JuliAnna Z. Smith 《Journal of educational and psychological consultation》2019,29(1):27-67

ABSTRACT

This mixed-methods study of 507 trans and gender-nonconforming students (75% undergraduate, 25% graduate) aimed to understand (a) what institutional factors are associated with the presence of more trans-inclusive policies/supports, (b) what trans-inclusive policies/supports are viewed as important by different groups of trans students, and (c) how the presence of such policies/supports is related to trans students’ sense of belonging on campus and their perception of campus climate. Results indicated that religiously affiliated institutions and two-year institutions tend to lag behind in their inclusivity of trans students. Gender-inclusive restrooms, nondiscrimination policies that are inclusive of gender identity, and the ability to change one’s name on campus records without legal name change were among the supports that students valued most. Students articulated many concrete suggestions for institutions seeking to be more inclusive of their trans students. The known presence of trans-inclusive policies/supports was related to a greater sense of belonging and more positive perceptions of campus climate. These findings provide consultants and practitioners with guidance in identifying and promoting systems-level changes needed to support trans students.  相似文献   

The Effects of Two Mindset Interventions on Low-Income Students’ Academic and Psychological Outcomes     

Jill Gandhi  Tyler W. Watts  Michael D. Masucci  C. Cybele Raver 《Journal of research on educational effectiveness》2020,13(2):351-379

Abstract

This study examined two widely available light-touch, writing-based mindset interventions: one that targeted students’ purpose for learning and one that aimed to increase students’ growth mindset. In order to examine the potential mechanisms underlying previously reported effects of mindset interventions, we analyzed these interventions’ effects on low-income, ethnic minority adolescents’ academic outcomes, task persistence, task-relevant anxiety, critical motivation, and sense of belonging. Results indicated that the purpose for learning intervention had a small negative impact on students’ self-reported grades the following year, and null results for the other outcomes. The growth mindset intervention was administered one year following the purpose for learning intervention and we found no evidence of treatment impacts on any outcomes. Analyses of treatment impact moderation suggested that certain student characteristics, such as student gender and race could play a role, but most of these tests also presented null results. The primarily null results of both interventions suggest that further study is needed to determine the effectiveness of one-time, self-administered mindset interventions across a variety of contexts and student populations.  相似文献   

Place-based education and pre-service teachers: a case study from India     

Paul Molyneux  Debra Tyler 《International Journal of Inclusive Education》2013,17(9):877-887

Case studies of successful place-based education that involve international partnerships are rare. This article reports on an inclusive educational collaboration between pre-service teachers at an Australian university and primary and secondary school-aged children in a slum area of Delhi, India. Encouraged to undertake teaching that affirmed and extended the children's existing linguistic and cultural knowledge, the six teacher candidates collaboratively planned and implemented exemplary programmes geared to the children's interests and needs. This highly inclusive teaching and learning took various forms: a photographic project in the community, the collection of family portraits and stories, a dance and drama performance, and rich conversations on topics ranging from popular culture to politics. Using data drawn from observations of teaching, teacher candidate interviews and written reflections, and artefacts of student learning, this article analyses the processes and outcomes of this highly successful teaching. Essential to the success of this initiative was focused preparation that stressed cross-cultural awareness and sensitivity, a rejection of deficit notions about children and families living in slums, knowledge of Indian socio-political complexities, and a commitment to the building of equitable and ethical relationships with the Indian children and NGO staff. It is anticipated that this analysis will inform further attempts at place-based collaboration in the service of quality education.  相似文献   

Electronic media     

Michael C. Keith  Chris Sterling  Susan Tyler Eastman  Gary R. Edgerton 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(4):228-231

RADIO'S NICHE MARKETING REVOLUTION: FUTURESELL by Godfrey W. and Ashley Page Herweg (Boston: Focal Press, 1997‐$37.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–80202–0, 274 pp., figures, bibliography, notes, index)

THE RECORDING INDUSTRY by Geoffrey P. Hull (Boston: Allyn & Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, ISBN 0–205–19689–6, 304 pp., Internet sources list, notes, bibliography, glossary, index)

THE CABLE AND SATELLITE TELEVISION INDUSTRIES by Patrick R. Parsons and Robert M. Frieden (Boston: Allyn & Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, paper, ISBN 0–205–20013–3, 370 pp., diagrams, tables, bibliography, index)

THE BROADCAST TELEVISION INDUSTRY by James R. Walker & Douglas A. Ferguson, with contributions by John F. Long and Kevin Sauter (Boston: Allyn & Bacon “Series in Mass Communication,”; 1998‐$24.00, paper, ISBN 0–205–18950–4, 228 pp., figures, glossary, bibliography, index)

“DENY ALL KNOWLEDGE:” READING THE X FILES edited by David Lavery, Angela Hague, and Maria Cartwright (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press “Television Series,”; 1996‐$45.00/16.95, ISBN 0–8156–2717–3 hard, 0–8156–0407–6 paper, 233 pp., notes, appendix, works cited, index)

MINORITY COMMERCIAL BROADCAST OWNERSHIP IN THE UNITED STATES by NTIA's Minority Telecommunications Development Program (Washington: National Telecommunications and Information Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997‐price not given, paper, no ISBN provided, 50 pp., tables)

THE BROADCASTER'S GUIDE TO RDS by Scott Wright (Boston: Focal Press, 1997‐$36.95, paper, ISBN 0–240–80278–0, 203 pp., figures, glossary, bibliography, index)  相似文献