A bioengineering analysis of human muscle and joint forces in the lower limbs during running     

Robert N. Harrison  Adrian Lees  Patrick J.J. McCullagh  William B. Rowe 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(3):201-218

A two‐dimensional, dynamic bioengineering model of the lower limbs was developed in order to estimate muscle and joint forces present during running at 4.5 m s ^‐1. Data were collected from four subjects using a force platform and cine film. Individual X‐rays and anthropometric data from the lower limbs were utilized to produce accurate bone models of the subjects’ legs. Electromyographic verification of the model was undertaken while a runner was undergoing treadmill running at 4.5 m s^‐1. Results indicate that peak muscle forces of 22 times subject body weight (22 BW) could be present in the quadriceps muscle group and 7 BW in the gastrocnemius. The anterior shin muscles were found to be active for the first 9% of stance phase only, and compressive loads of 33 BW were found in the knee joint. The relationship between these nigh forces in the lower limbs and running related injuries is discussed.  相似文献   

“...If I Had a Choice,I Would....” A Feminist Poststructuralist Perspective on Girls in Physical Education     

Laura Azzarito  Melinda A. Solmon  Louis Harrison Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(2):222-239

A significant number of studies evidence girls' lack of participation in physical education. This study used feminist poststructuralism to examine the ways in which high school girls participated in or resisted physical education. Using qualitative research methods, researchers collected field notes, informal interviews, and formal interviews with the teacher and 15 female students. In contrast to previous studies, girls in this study enjoyed and valued physical activity. As active agents, they chose to participate in or resist specific physical activities through their negotiations of gender relations. Physical education classes emerged as a contested terrain in which girls supported the notion of equal opportunity in physical activity but perceived limits on their choices in physical education as compared to male peers.  相似文献   

Certain Harmful Health Misconceptions of Junior High School Students Attending Public Schools in Metropolitan Areas     

Price E. Harrison Jr.  Leslie W. Irwin 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):491-496

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of certain harmful health misconceptions among junior high school students attending public schools in two distinct metropolitan areas of the United States. A health knowledge inventory in two separate forms was constructed, and either Form A or Form B was administered to 4,852 junior high school students from the two distinct metropolitan areas. On the basis of an analysis of the data obtained in this investigation, junior high school students subscribed to many harmful health misconceptions, regardless of metropolitan area, sex, grade level, or number of semesters of health instruction.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Kenneth Norberg  Louis V. Xhignesse  W. C. Meierhenry  Gerald F. Winfield  I. Keith Tyler 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1962,10(2):110-118

  相似文献   

Examining care navigation: librarian participation in a team-based approach?     

A. Tyler Nix  Jeffrey T. Huber  Robert M. Shapiro  II  Andrea Pfeifle 《Journal of the Medical Library Association》2016,104(2):131-137

Objective

This study investigated responsibilities, skill sets, degrees, and certifications required of health care navigators in order to identify areas of potential overlap with health sciences librarianship.

Method

The authors conducted a content analysis of health care navigator position announcements and developed and assigned forty-eight category terms to represent the sample''s responsibilities and skill sets.

Results

Coordination of patient care and a bachelor''s degree were the most common responsibility and degree requirements, respectively. Results also suggest that managing and providing health information resources is an area of overlap between health care navigators and health sciences librarians, and that librarians are well suited to serve on navigation teams.

Conclusion

Such overlap may provide an avenue for collaboration between navigators and health sciences librarians.  相似文献   

Examining the Effects of Changes in Classroom Quality on Within-Child Changes in Achievement and Behavioral Outcomes     

Tyler W. Watts  Tutrang Nguyen  Robert C. Carr  Lynne Vernon-Feagans  Clancy Blair 《Child development》2021,92(4):e439-e456

This study examines whether changes in classroom quality predict within-child changes in achievement and behavioral problems in elementary school (ages spanning approximately 6–11 years old). Drawing on data from a longitudinal study of children in predominantly low-income, nonurban communities (n = 1,078), we relied on child fixed effects modeling, which controlled for stable factors that could bias the effects of classroom quality. In general, we found that changes in classroom quality had small and statistically nonsignificant effects on achievement and behavior. However, we found that moving into a high-quality classroom, particularly those rated as high in Classroom Organization, had positive effects on achievement and behavior for children with significant exposure to poverty in early life.  相似文献   

Windows into Children’s Thinking: A Guide to Storytelling and Dramatization     

Cheryl Wright  Chiara Bacigalupa  Tyler Black  Michael Burton 《Early Childhood Education Journal》2008,35(4):363-369

Telling and dramatizing stories is an increasingly popular addition to the preschool curriculum, largely due to the attention this activity has received through the writings of Vivian Paley (Bad guys don’t have birthdays: fantasy play at four. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1988; The boy who would be a helicopter: the uses of storytelling in the kindergarten. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990; A child’s work: the importance of fantasy play. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2004). While the writings of Paley and others (Cooper, When stories come to school: telling, writing, and performing stories in the early childhood classroom. Teachers & Writers Collaborative, New York, 1993; Engel 1999) focus on the social and cognitive outcomes children experience as a result of storytelling, less has been written about the process of writing and dramatizing stories with young children. This article discusses procedures and considerations that enhance storytelling with preschool children, including effective prompts for encouraging children’s creativity, potential trouble spots such as aggression in stories, and ways that storytelling can enhance home-school relationships.  相似文献   

School programs to prevent intrafamilial child sexual abuse     

Marla R. Brassard  Ann H. Tyler  Thomas J. Kehle 《Child abuse & neglect》1983,7(2):241-245

The incidence of child sexual abuse would argue for the schools assuming a larger role in the development of preventive and educational programs. Because of the public school system's consistent and longitudinal contact with children and families it is perhaps the most promising institution for the delivery of preventive efforts. This article presents specific suggestions for school-based programs directed toward the prevention of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. Further, it is argued that for maximum effectiveness, the support of local parent-teacher organizations be elicited; that educational programs be presented separately for parents and children; and that a variety of programs in concert with the development level of participants be presented on topics related to child sexual abuse. Topics regarded as important for prevention efforts are factual information on sexual abuse, appropriate and inappropriate touch, the respective role responsibilities and rights of parents and children, and a sex education approach that stresses the values of nonexploitation and discrimination in the choice of whether to engage in sexual behavior and the choice of partners.  相似文献   

Diversifying High Schools in Racially Changing Suburban Districts: Expanding Opportunity,Creating Barriers?     

Erica Frankenberg  Jennifer B. Ayscue  Alison C. Tyler 《Peabody Journal of Education》2016,91(3):383-403

Although demographic change is happening more rapidly at the elementary school level, the intersection of these demographic trends with the changing mission of high schools may offer the opportunity to reduce some of the persistent racial gaps in educational attainment. At the same time, when schools became diverse as desegregation took place, stratification within schools occurred, leading to inequality within diverse schools. Thus, this article seeks to examine whether high schools can help to expand opportunity for low-income students and students of color as suburban racial change occurs. To answer this question, this article draws on school-level interviews in six public high schools in racially changing suburban districts in some of the nation's largest metropolitan areas. High schools in this study focused on ways to provide access to diverse students through structural reforms and information dissemination, yet they also saw academic programs as a way to compete for certain students to shape their student body composition and maintain enrollment.  相似文献   

A prospective study of personality changes in students in medicine,dentistry, and nursing     

Harrison G. Gough  Wallace B. Hall 《Research in higher education》1973,1(2):127-140

  相似文献