Preface     

Richard S. Johnson  Dennis P. Jones  Wayne R. Kirschling  G. Ben Lawrence  Sidney S. Micek  Allan L. Service  James R. Topping  Robert A. Wallhaus 《ASHE Higher Education Report》1977,6(4):ii-iii

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Behavior genetic analysis of mouse emotionality: II. Stability of factors across genotypes     

Wayne Poley  J. R. Royce 《Learning & behavior》1973,1(2):116-120

Three emotionally divergent strains of mice (SWR/J, A/HeJ, and SJL/J) were mated to produce three populations: a pure strain population (N = 90), an F₁ population (N = 120), and an F₂ population (N = 96). All Ss were tested on a battery of measures of emotionality. Each population was factored separately by principal components factoring with varimax and promax rotations. Factorial invariance was assessed quantitatively by congruence coefficients. Eight of the resultant factors were found to be replicable across populations. These were autonomic balance, motor discharge, territorial marking, acrophobia, tunneling-1, tunneling-2, underwater swimming, and audiogenic reactivity. Of the eight factors, motor discharge was most distinct in each population and tunneling-1 was least distinct.  相似文献   

Policy considerations based on a cost analysis of alternative test formats in large scale science assessments     

Frances Lawrenz  Douglas Huffman  Wayne Welch 《科学教学研究杂志》2000,37(6):615-626

This article compares the costs of four assessment formats: multiple choice, open ended, laboratory station, and full investigation. The amount of time spent preparing the devices, developing scoring consistency for the devices, and scoring the devices was tracked as the devices were developed. These times are presented by individual item and by complete device. Times are also compared as if 1,000 students completed each assessment. Finally, the times are converted into cost estimates by assuming a potential hourly wage. The data show that a multiple choice item costs the least, and that it is approximately 80 times as much for an open ended item, 300 times as much for a content station, and 500 times as much for a full investigation item. The very large discrepancies in costs are used as a basis to raise several policy issues related to the inclusion of alternative assessment formats in large scale science achievement testing. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 37: 615–626, 2000  相似文献   

Scaffolding middle school students’ content knowledge and ill-structured problem solving in a problem-based hypermedia learning environment     

Saniye Tugba Bulu  Susan Pedersen 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2010,58(5):507-529

This study investigated the effects of domain-general and domain-specific scaffolds with different levels of support, continuous and faded, on learning of scientific content and problem-solving. Students’ scores on a multiple-choice pretest, posttest, and four recommendation forms were analyzed. Students’ content knowledge in all conditions significantly increased from pretest to posttest. However, the continuous domain-specific condition outperformed the other conditions on the posttest. Although domain-general scaffolds were not as effective as domain-specific scaffolds on learning content and problem representation, they helped students develop solutions, make justifications, and monitor learning. Unlike domain-specific scaffolds, domain-general scaffolds helped students transfer problem-solving skills when they were faded. Several suggestions are discussed for making improvements in the design of scaffolds to facilitate ill-structured problem solving.  相似文献   

The Problematic Nature of the Practicum: A Key Determinant of Pre-service Teachers’ Emerging Inquiry-Based Science Practices     

Xavier Fazio  Wayne Melville  Anthony Bartley 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》2010,21(6):665-681

This article disseminates findings from a multi-year study regarding secondary preservice science teachers’ perceptions toward inquiry-based science teaching, and the extent these perceptions are augmented by their practicum. While findings indicated that preservice teachers did improve their understanding and capability of using scientific inquiry due to their methods course, the role of practicum in supporting their newly developed perceptions was problematic. Issues ranging from associate teacher subjugation, availability of resources, time constraints, and the need to address curriculum standards were the most commonly cited reasons for preservice teachers’ difficulty in creating an inquiry-based environment during their practicum. Implications are presented highlighting the importance of practicum experiences as a key determinant of pre-service science teachers’ emerging inquiry-based science views and practices.  相似文献   

Research in Food Science Education: Measuring Gains in Critical Thinking in Food Science and Human Nutrition Courses: The Cornell Critical Thinking Test,Problem‐Based Learning Activities,and Student Journal Entries     

Wayne T. Iwaoka  Yong Li  Walter Y. Rhee 《Journal of Food Science Education》2010,9(3):68-75

Abstract: The Cornell Critical Thinking Test (CCTT) is one of the many multiple‐choice tests with validated questions that have been reported to measure general critical thinking (CT) ability. One of the IFT Education Standards for undergraduate degrees in Food Science is the emphasis on the development of critical thinking. While this skill is easy to list as a student‐learning objective, measuring gains in CT is relatively difficult. If the majority of the class time is spent discussing and solving ill‐defined problems, then will students become actively and meaningfully involved in their own learning and will there be any gains in CT skills? To measure gains using this format, the CCTT was administered as a pre‐ and posttest to Food Science and Human Nutrition students in an Experimental Foods class taught every fall over an 8 y period (2001–2008). Statistical analysis indicated that in 2 of the years (2002 and 2004), there were significant gains (P values 0.036 and 0.045, respectively) in CT scores. Furthermore, in both years, there were significant gains in the same 2 aspects of CT (deduction and assumption) and not in the other aspects. However, we suggest that completing several take‐home exams with many open‐ended questions, writing detailed laboratory reports, and documenting unsolicited student reflections in journal entries that comment on apparent gains in CT skills may be a better indication of actual gains in CT skills compared to the actual CCTT test scores.  相似文献   

Young adolescents' metacognition and domain knowledge as predictors of hypothesis‐development performance in a computer‐supported context     

Hye Jeong Kim  Susan Pedersen 《教育心理学》2010,30(5):565-582

Recently, the importance of ill‐structured problem‐solving in real‐world contexts has become a focus of educational research. Particularly, the hypothesis‐development process has been examined as one of the keys to developing a high‐quality solution in a problem context. The authors of this study examined predictive relations between young adolescents' metacognition, prior domain knowledge, and hypothesis‐development performance in a computer‐supported environment. Data were collected from 11‐ and 12‐year‐old Korean students (N = 101). A hypothesised model in predicting hypothesis‐development performance was evaluated using structural equation modelling. Both metacognition and prior domain knowledge significantly predicted young adolescents' hypothesis‐development performance. Implications and limitations of the present study and issues, including the experimental design, are discussed.  相似文献   

Is ‘the posthuman’ educable? On the convergence of educational philosophy,animal studies,and posthumanist theory     

Helena Pedersen 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2010,31(2):237-250

Formal education in Western society is firmly rooted in humanist ideals. ‘Becoming human’ by cultivating certain cognitive, social, and moral abilities has even symbolised the idea of education as such in Enlightenment philosophical traditions. These ideas are increasingly coming under scrutiny by posthumanist theorists, who are addressing fundamental ontological and epistemological questions about defining an essential ‘human nature’, as well as the elastic boundary work between the human and nonhuman subject. This paper responds to the ongoing discussions on the diverse articulations of posthumanism in education theory and animal studies by investigating possibilities of a shared conceptual framework that allows for a productive dialogue between them. By analysing some of the meanings attached to the notion of posthumanism in education theory and animal studies, the paper begins to identify some instabilities of humanist traditions/ideals of education and explores posthumanist challenges to research on the institutionalised production, mediation, and development of knowledge.  相似文献   

The Word from a Walrus: Five Decades of the History of Education Society     

Wayne J. Urban 《History of education quarterly》2010,50(4):429-459

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Meeting health,mental health,and housing needs of older adults: A case review of the congregational social work education initiative     

Wayne Moore  Jay Poole  Fran Pearson  Lelia Moore 《Educational gerontology》2018,44(5-6):325-337

This article presents results from an innovative social work field education program, which prepares BSW and MSW students to work in interdisciplinary teams with congregational nurses as they serve persons age 55+ or older. The Congregational Social Work Education Initiative is a field education project based on an applied interdisciplinary model, whereby social work students at the graduate and undergraduate level partner with congregational nurses to serve at-risk members of congregations and religious affiliated organizations (RAOs). Students and nurses provide free health, mental health, and wellness services to address individual, family, group, and community health, mental health, and housing issues. Funded by community health foundations, it trains BSW and MSW students for professional practice in congregational and community religious affiliated settings through interdisciplinary and collaborative methods. Information on the development of the model and case illustrations are provided so other social work educational programs and congregational nurse programs might duplicate its success.  相似文献