Abilities and skill acquisition: A latent growth curve approach     

Manuel C. Voelkle  Werner W. Wittmann  Phillip L. Ackerman 《Learning and individual differences》2006,16(4):303-319

The relationship between abilities and skill acquisition has been the subject of numerous controversies in psychology. However, while most researchers implicitly or explicitly accept the idea that abilities and skill acquisition should be related, empirical research has failed to provide evidence for a consistently strong correlation between the two constructs. Based on the reanalysis of a study on skill acquisition using the air traffic controller task TRACON [Ackerman, P. L., Kanfer, R., and Goff, M. (1995). Cognitive and Noncognitive Determinants and Consequences of Complex Skill Acquisition. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied, 1(4), 270–304], it will be shown how latent growth curve modeling can help to gain a better understanding of the relationship between human abilities and skill acquisition. A brief introduction into the basic concepts of latent growth curve modeling will be given, particularly with regard to the advantages for the analysis of skill acquisition and its determinants. The goal is thereby to provide evidence for a much closer association than commonly assumed and to offer a new, differential, perspective formerly obscured by traditional between-subject analyses.  相似文献   

The relative age effect in youth soccer across Europe   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Helsen WF  van Winckel J  Williams AM 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(6):629-636

The potential asymmetries in the birth-date distributions of youth soccer players across ten European countries (2175 age citations) were considered. First, we examined the birth-dates of players representing national youth teams in international competitions. Second, the birth-dates of players representing professional club teams in international youth tournaments were analysed. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests were used to assess differences between observed and expected birth-date distributions. Regression analyses were employed to examine the relationship between month of birth and number of players in the different samples. The results showed an over-representation of players born in the first quarter of the selection year (from January to March) for all the national youth selections at the under-15 (U-15), U-16, U-17 and U-18 age categories, as well as for the UEFA U-16 tournaments and Meridian Cup. Players with a greater relative age are more likely to be identified as "talented" because of the likely physical advantages they have over their "younger" peers. Some options for reducing the relative age effect are offered.  相似文献   

Special Education—some Cross‐National Comparisons     

Rosemary Werner Putnam 《比较教育学》1979,15(1):83-98

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The support of research by German foundations: Functional and legal aspects     

Werner Seifart 《Minerva》1981,19(1):72-91

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TIScover – Eine generische Plattform für webbasierte Tourismusinformationssysteme     

Birgit Pr?ll  Werner Retschitzegger und Roland Wagner 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2001,16(1):1-13

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Prediction of intelligence and achievement at ten years from twenty months pediatric and psychologic examinations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E E Werner  M P Honzik  R S Smith 《Child development》1968,39(4):1063-1075

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Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football     

Helsen W  Bultynck JB 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(2):179-189

The aim of this study was to examine the physical and perceptual-cognitive demands imposed on UEFA top-class referees and assistant referees during the final round of the Euro 2000 Championship. To investigate the physical workload, the heart rates during matches were monitored by short-range radio telemetry and translated to different workloads expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate. For measurement of the perceptual-cognitive workload, video-recordings of games were used to obtain the average number of observable decisions taken by a referee. On average, referees and assistant referees performed the matches at 85 +/- 5% and 77 +/- 7% of their maximal heart rate, respectively. Over the 31 games, the mean number of observable decisions was 137 (range 104-162), 64% of which were based on communication with the assistant referees and/or the fourth official. To optimize the physical preparation of top-class match officials, the results of this study support the application of intensive and intermittent training sessions, which should place priority on high-intensity aerobic stimuli. In addition, video training is discussed as an additional method for improving match officials' decision making.  相似文献   

Positionierungen zu „Elite“ und „Exzellenz“ in gymnasialen Bildungsregionen – Eine „Gretchenfrage“ für Schulleiter exklusiver Gymnasien?     

Werner Helsper  Mareke Niemann  Anja Gibson  Lena Dreier 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2014,17(3):203-219

Looking at two urban higher education regions, in this paper we investigate the question of which positions head teachers of “exclusive” German gymnasiums adopt with regard to concepts such as ‘elite’, ‘excellence’ and thus also to schools’ attempts to distinguish their own profiles in the education system, all the while bearing in mind the context of public discourses about ‘elite’ and ‘excellence’. In doing so, we reconstruct four modes of dealing with the elite concept. All of these modes—even the most positive references—show that for “exclusive” German Gymnasiums the term ‘elite’ is precariously situated, associated as it is with a considerable need for legitimation. By contrast, it is not problematic to refer to a meritocratic elite concept that involves functional academic and leadership elites in the sense of excellence. On the other hand, any association of these upper secondary schools with power, financial and business elites does seem highly problematic and is vehemently rejected. This clear rejection occurs—and this is the central thesis of this article—because otherwise meritocracy itself, as the hegemonic academic form of legitimation, would be threatened to its very core.  相似文献   

Robuste Indizes für Projection Pursuit     

Tobias Rohatsch  Gerhard P?ppel und Heinrich Werner 《Informatik - Forschung und Entwicklung》2002,17(2):53-59

Zusammenfassung.   Die moderne und hoch komplexe Fertigung, z.B. in der Halbleiterindustrie, erfordert für die dabei anfallenden Messdaten der Anlagen- bzw. Prozessparameter multivariate Analysemethoden. Eine dieser m?glichen Analysemethoden ist Projection Pursuit (PP). Dieses Verfahren ist durch geschickte Wahl des so genannten Projektionsindex in der Lage, verschiedenste Datencharakteristika zu detektieren und diese auf anschauliche Weise zu visualisieren. Bei den Projektionsindizes handelt es sich um Funktionen, die eine Projektion auf unterschiedliche Merkmale hin bewerten und dabei jeder Projektion einen Funktionswert zuweisen. Dieser Funktionswert spiegelt die Aussagekraft der Projektion (in Abh?ngigkeit vom verwendeten Index) wider. Die Auswahl bzw. der Aufbau dieser Indizes ist hierbei von entscheidender Bedeutung. Alle hier vorgestellten Indizes zeichnen sich vor allem durch ihren robusten Charakter gegenüber durch Ausrei?er kontaminierte Daten, wie sie in realen Datenszenarien vorkommen, aus. Die durch Anwendung dieser Indizes gewonnenen Einblicke in die komplexe Struktur der Daten erm?glichen es, hochdimensionale Parameterabweichungen und komplexe Zusammenh?nge innerhalb der Daten zu finden. Eingegangen am 11. Februar 2002 / Angenommen am 14. Mai 2002  相似文献   

Semantic structures of one-step word problems involving multiplication or division     

Siegbert Smidt  Werner Weiser 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1995,28(1):55-72

From classifications of word problems in international discussion of elementary mathematics instruction as well as from conceptual elaborations of didactical analyses in Germany, a classification of semantic structures of one-step word problems involving multiplication or division is proposed, comprehending four main classes: Forming the n-th multiple of measurers, combinatorial multiplication, composition of operators, and multiplication by formula. This classification is more comprehensive and differentiated than the classifications of Vergnaud (1983), Nesher (1988), and Bellet al. (1989) — aiming at a better assignment between diverse contextual circumstances and conceptual demands of mathematics and at compatibility with the well-known semantic structures of addition and subtraction word problems.  相似文献