Multinational subsidiary knowledge protection—Do mandates and clusters matter?     

Wolfgang Sofka  Edlira Shehu  Pedro de Faria 《Research Policy》2014

International knowledge spillovers, especially through multinational companies (MNCs), have recently been a major topic of academic and management debate. However, most studies treat MNC subsidiaries as relatively passive actors. We challenge this assumption by investigating the drivers of knowledge protection intensity of MNC subsidiaries. We argue that knowledge protection intensity is determined by MNC subsidiary mandates and by opportunities and risks originating from the host region. We hypothesize that not just competence-creating but also competence-exploiting mandates increase knowledge protection intensity. In addition, technological cluster regions in the host country can be expected to provide opportunities for knowledge sourcing and MNC subsidiaries may be willing to protect knowledge less intensively to participate in cluster networks. We test our hypotheses using a dataset of 694 observations of 631 MNC subsidiaries in Germany and develop recommendations for research, managers and policy makers.  相似文献   

Effects of animation's speed of presentation on perceptual processing and learning     

Katja Meyer  Thorsten Rasch  Wolfgang Schnotz 《Learning and Instruction》2010,20(2):136-145

Animations presented at different speed are assumed to differentially interact with learners’ perception and cognition due to the constraints imposed by learners’ limited sensitivity to incoming dynamic information. To investigate the effects of high and low presentation speed of animation, two studies were conducted. In Study 1, participants were 55 students who learned about the functioning of a four-stroke engine from an animation with user-controlled presentation speed. In Study 2, eye movements of 19 students were analysed for different system-controlled presentation speeds of animation. Results indicated that high presentation speeds accentuated global events (i.e., macro-events), whereas low speeds accentuated local events (i.e., micro-events). However, eye movements were primarily affected by the content rather than the presentation speed of animation.  相似文献   

Introduction     

Wolfgang Schnotz 《European Journal of Psychology of Education - EJPE》1999,14(2):163-165

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How to Measure Generalized Trust in News Media? An Adaptation and Test of Scales     

Fabian Prochazka  Wolfgang Schweiger 《Communication methods and measures》2019,13(1):26-42

In many countries, studies show declining levels of trust in news media at large. However, there still is no valid and accepted measure of generalized trust in news media. To establish and test a suitable measure, we chose two elaborate scales of related concepts: the scale on trust in media coverage of a specific topic by Kohring and Matthes and a credibility scale by Yale, Jensen, Carcioppolo, Sun, and Liu. We adapted both to measure generalized trust in news media and conducted a survey in Germany to (a) evaluate the dimensional structures of both adapted scales and (b) analyze their predictive validity by testing their explanative power on alternative media use. Both adapted scales yield well-fitting models but should be carefully treated with respect to discriminant validity. The adapted Kohring and Matthes scale successfully predicts alternative media use and can therefore be recommended for further research on generalized trust in news media.  相似文献   

Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann     

Donsbach  Wolfgang 《Int. Journal of Public Opinion Research》2001,13(1):59-60

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Soaring flight     

Wolfgang Klemperer 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1927,204(3):293-327

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Guest Editorial     

Wolfgang Mitter 《欧洲师范教育杂志》1984,7(3):227-232

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Hirsch-type characteristics of the tail of distributions. The generalised h-index     

Wolfgang Glänzel  András Schubert 《Journal of Informetrics》2010,4(1):118-123

In this paper a generalisation of the h-index and g-index is given on the basis of non-negative real-valued functionals defined on subspaces of the vector space generated by the ordered samples. Several Hirsch-type measures are defined and their basic properties are analysed. Empirical properties are illustrated using examples from the micro- and meso-level. Among these measures, the h-index proved the most, the arithmetic and geometric g-indices, the least robust measures. The μ-index and the harmonic g-index provide more balanced results and are still robust enough.  相似文献   

The role of planning in outdoor adventure decision-making     

Mike Boyes  Tom Potter  Soren Andkjaer  Martin Lindner 《Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning》2013,13(4):343-357

ABSTRACT

This article explores the influential role of planning on recognition-primed decision-making. Considerable prior thinking occurs and there is a need to trace and account for the cognitive processes that precede and guide decisions in dynamic outdoor environments. Seven expert leaders from four countries were interviewed about memorable decisions made on outdoor journeys with an educational focus on land, sea and ice. Four stages of planning were identified: (1) long-term preparation; (2) formal leadership meetings; (3) day-by-day planning on route and (4) thinking immediately prior to the event. The stages sequentially capture the planning progression, illuminating the cognitive processes at each stage to culminate in option selection. In each decision situation, planned goals and actions were implemented through the creation and re-creation of micro-plans. As windows of opportunity presented themselves, the flexible execution of plans was a key feature. Planning provided the solid bedrock upon which decisions were made.  相似文献   

The transition from school to the world of work in the German Democratic Republic     

Wolfgang Rudolph 《Prospects》1989,19(1):93-102

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