In vitro evaluation of a program for machine-aided indexing     

Christian Jacquemin  Batrice Daille  Jean Royaut  Xavier Polanco 《Information processing & management》2002,38(6)

This article presents the human evaluation of ILIAD, a program for machine-aided indexing (MAI). It consists of two language engineering modules and is designed to assist expert librarians in computer-aided indexing and document analysis. Our aim is the expert evaluation of automatic multi-word term indexing. Evaluation is performed by documentary engineers. Cataloging and indexing are their principal tasks. They also have a good scientific knowledge of the domain to which the indexed documents belong.We first present the ILIAD program and the two systems submitted to this evaluation, the methodology (protocol) adopted, the differences between the protocol and the implementation, and the results of these evaluations. Human evaluation is divided into three parts: firstly the evaluation of controlled indexing, then free indexing and finally term variant extraction performed during controlled indexing. Finally, we analyze the relevance of this evaluation by calculating the agreement frequency and the Kappa coefficient and propose some future developments.  相似文献   

Broadband Utilization in Space: Effects of Population and Economic Structure     

Jacint Jordana  Xavier Fernández  David Sancho  Yanina Welp 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):341-351

We examine the effect of public policy on the growth of Internet use. Using a decentralized country—Spain—as an example, we compare the 17 Spanish regions to test different Internet policy designs, taking into account the quality and number of specific programs promoted by regional governments, as well as the presence or absence of strategic planning in each region. We treat the percentage of Internet users as a dependent variable to compare its diffusion in different territories. Our findings show that educational levels and economic differences explain about half of the variations observed. Furthermore, the regional policies play a significant role in explaining regional variations. We investigate which public policy instruments are more significant for the development of the Internet, and find that focused policy intervention and complex policy initiatives are more significant than other policy instruments in explaining the increase in the percentage of Internet users.  相似文献   

No Umpires in This Game: The Victorian Football League During Two World Wars,by Bruce Coe and Bruce Kennedy     

Xavier Fowler 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(11):1200-1202

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Science academies’ refresher course on Experimental Biology: Orthodox to Modern     

D. J. Bagyaraj  T. Francis Xavier 《Resonance》2016,21(9):858-858

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What Do We Really Learn from PISA? The Sociology of its Reception in Three European Countries (2001–2008)1     

Xavier Pons 《European Journal of Education》2011,46(4):540-548

This article synthesises some findings of an international research project called Know&Pol to question the effects of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on the public debate in three European countries (France, Portugal and Scotland). Using a political science approach, it shows that Pisa did not favour policy learning among actors, but confirmed their pre-existing opinions and policy stances and that it legitimised them by affixing them with the seal of a statistical international survey.  相似文献   

Multicultural Course Pedagogy: Experiences of Master's‐Level Students of Color          下载免费PDF全文

Derek Xavier Seward 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2014,53(1):62-79

The author conducted a grounded theory study to examine multicultural training as experienced by 20 master's‐level students of color enrolled in multicultural counseling courses. Findings revealed an emergent theory of student of color learning experiences and multicultural course pedagogy. Implications for counselor educators are discussed.  相似文献   

Education policy and school segregation of migrant students in Catalonia: the politics of non-decision-making     

Xavier Bonal 《教育政策杂志》2013,28(3):401-421

This article shows how the Catalan government has not developed an agenda to tackle school segregation despite the growing number of migrant pupils who arrived over the course of the last decade. Education policy has explicitly disregarded the possibilities of improving the regulatory framework for tackling segregation; it has exercised insufficient control over the effective application of education regulations on the balanced schooling of pupils with specific educational needs; and it has taken decisions on education policy which have even accentuated school segregation. This article provides empirical evidence on the characteristics of school segregation in Catalonia and on the education policies developed by the Catalan government in the domain of the schooling of migrant pupils. The study illustrates how the absence of an explicit school desegregation policy is an example of the politics of non-decision-making and a case which clearly manifests the need to overcome behavioural analysis in policy decision-making.  相似文献   

Effects of dynamic resistance training on fascicle length and isometric strength     

Alegre LM  Jiménez F  Gonzalo-Orden JM  Martín-Acero R  Aguado X 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(5):501-508

The aims of this study were to assess changes in muscle architecture, isometric and dynamic strength of the leg extensor muscles, resulting from dynamic resistance training, and the relationships between strength and muscle architecture variables. The participants (n = 30) were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The training group (n = 16; age 21.8 +/- 2.3 years, body mass 74.8 +/- 9.2 kg, height 1.75 +/- 0.08 m) performed dynamic resistance training for 13 weeks. The control group (n = 14; age 19.9 +/- 1.5 years, body mass 74.0 +/- 8.5 kg, height 1.76 +/- 0.05 m) did not perform any resistance training. Maximal dynamic and isometric strength were tested in both groups, before and after the training period. The members of the training group used the free-weight squat lift (90 degrees ) as their training exercise. The concentric phase of the squat was performed explosively. Skeletal muscle architecture of the vastus lateralis was visualized using ultrasonography. At the end of the study, significant increases in vastus lateralis muscle thickness (+6.9%, P < 0.001), fascicle length (+10.3%, P < 0.05), one-repetition maximum (+8.2%, P < 0.05), rate of force development (+23.8%, P < 0.05) and average force produced in the first 500 ms (+11.7%, P < 0.05) were seen only in the training group. Adaptations to the muscle architecture in the training group limited the loss of fibre force, and improved the capacity for developing higher velocities of contraction. The architectural changes in the training group were similar to those seen in studies where high-speed training was performed. In conclusion, dynamic resistance training with light loads leads to increases in muscle thickness and fascicle length, which might be related to a more efficient transmission of fibre force to the tendon.  相似文献   

European Museum reports     

Xavier Perrot 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1994,8(2):124-129

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Standards notes     

Xavier Perrot 《Archives and Museum Informatics》1994,8(1):84-88

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