Enzymatic reactions in organic solvents     

Saburo Fukui  Atsuo Tanaka 《Endeavour》1985,9(1):10-17

Bioconversions of lipophilic compounds are currently attracting much interest in both the academic and the industrial world. To carry out these conversions effectively, it is essential to introduce water-miscible organic solvents into the reaction Systems or to use water-containing organic solvents as reaction solvents in order to improve the poor solubility of substrates in aqueous solutions. However, biocatalysts are in general liable to lose their activity in the presence of organic solvents. It is expected that enzyme immobilization will be the most general and promising means of reconciling these opposing demands.  相似文献   

What makes a high-quality preschool? Similarities and differences between Chinese immigrant and European American parents’ views     

Yoko Yamamoto  Jin Li 《Early childhood research quarterly》2012

  相似文献   

Modified Hepburn Romanization System in Japanese Language Cataloging: Where to Look,What to Follow     

Yoko Kudo 《Cataloging & classification quarterly》2013,51(2):97-120

The ALA-LC Romanization Table for Japanese instructs catalogers to consult multiple editions of Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary and the American National Standard system concerning the Modified Hepburn romanization system. These resources and editions, however, not only vary in scope, but also present some conflicting policies, which may be hindering the operation of romanization. This study addresses the issues of Japanese romanization guidelines by clarifying what the Modified Hepburn system is, and analyzing the discrepancies among the guidelines. Selected romanization data in OCLC WorldCat records are also examined to see how this problem has affected the current practices.  相似文献   

Improving Students’ Diagram Comprehension with Classroom Instruction     

Jennifer G. Cromley  Tony C. Perez  Shannon L. Fitzhugh  Nora S. Newcombe  Theodore W. Wills  Jacqueline C. Tanaka 《Journal of Experimental Education》2013,81(4):511-537

The authors tested whether students can be taught to better understand conventional representations in diagrams, photographs, and other visual representations in science textbooks. The authors developed a teacher-delivered, workbook-and-discussion–based classroom instructional method called Conventions of Diagrams (COD). The authors trained 1 experienced teacher to deliver COD to two 10th-grade biology classes (n = 31) and compared gains in diagram comprehension from COD to those from a business-as-usual control condition (n = 30) in 2 classrooms taught by the same teacher. Students in the COD condition showed statistically significantly greater growth in comprehension of literal and inferential biology diagrams. The control condition in some cases advantaged high-spatial, high-knowledge students, whereas the COD condition for the most part did not. Entries in the COD workbooks were analyzed for amount of student effort. Students with a combination of low pretest biology knowledge and low effort showed much lower gains from pretest to posttest on the inferential biology diagrams measure than did other students in the COD condition.  相似文献   

The impact of Western progressive educational ideas in Japan: 1868–1940     

Yoko Yamasaki 《History of education》2013,42(5):575-588

Little is known about the impact of Western educational ideals in Japan during the Meiji (1868–1912), Taisho (1912–1926) and Showa (post‐1926) eras, although, in reality, there was considerable interest among Japanese educators in Western thought and practice and there were numerous attempts to disseminate these ideas widely. This article highlights some of the more significant of these developments and attempts to assess their impact and their interpretation in a Japanese context. Translations of foreign philosophical and educational works on the one hand and the publication of teachers' magazines on the other were the two viaducts for what became little short of a Japanese educational movement that was one of the stepping stones to the modernisation of Japan and which has resonated down to the present. In this article this process is described through its chronological phases, during the period which saw Japan's transition from an intellectually isolated, inward‐looking society into one which developed as a democracy and saw the coming of industrialisation before moving into a period of Fascist supernationalism.  相似文献   

学力调查若干问题探析     

田中耕治  孙诚  高峡 《教育研究》2006,(7)

自“日本学生学习能力降低了”这一问题提出以来,日本社会各界对实施学力调查的目的、方法等提出了质疑。基于真实性评价的观点,实施学力调查需要慎重考虑诸如学力模式、学力结构以及学力调查的社会环境等多种因素。通过比较分析可以看到,尽管“TIMSS2003”、“PISA2003”和“国研调查2003”三次学力调查所设计的学力模式有所不同,但都是为了更好地实现真实性评价目标进行的创新性尝试。究竟何种学力调查能更好地体现真实性评价,还需要在教育实践中进一步探索。  相似文献   

Book reviews     

McLuhan  Marshall  Torkelson  G. M.  Steele  Robert  Wendt  Paul R.  Tanaka  Yasumasa  Brumbaugh  W. Donald  Moldstad  John 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1961,9(2):147-157

Educational technology research and development -  相似文献   

The Role of Gender in Foreign Language Learning Attitudes: Japanese female students' attitudes towards English learning     

Yoko Kobayashi 《Gender and education》2002,14(2):181-197

Originating from a large-scale questionnaire-based study on Japanese high school students' attitudes towards current and long-term English learning, this study attempts to account for one of the findings, female students' superiority in attitudes to English learning over male students. This study problematises the common practice found in questionnaire-based research ending with the statistical identification of gender differences in attitudes without exploring factors influencing those differences. By utilising multidisciplinary extant data and research findings, this study argues that Japanese social elements, such as the status of English as feminised academic and professional choices and women's marginalised status in Japanese mainstream society, underlie many women's positive attitudes towards English learning. This study provides pedagogical implications for those in charge of English-related programmes either in Japan or in English-speaking countries who deal with a significant number of young Japanese female students in the programmes.  相似文献   

School education and development of gender perspectives and sexuality in Japan     

Noriko Hashimoto  Kaori Ushitora  Mari Morioka  Terunori Motegi  Kazue Tanaka  Mieko Tashiro 《Sex education》2017,17(4):386-398

This study aimed to evaluate changes in the attitudes of Japan’s post-war youth towards gender equality and sexuality, and to examine whether these attitudes bore a relationship to school education. Different generations were delineated based on changes in courses of study and year of birth, and semi-structured interviews were conducted enquiring about experiences and opinions during secondary school days. We examined sexuality education in both junior high school (ages 12–15 years) and high school (15–18 years), views on premarital sex, views on marriage and divorce, and views on gender roles. Fifty-three survey participants were involved in the study: 30 women and 23 men. The characteristics of each generation were examined in relation to corresponding courses of study and the textbooks available in junior high and high schools, identifying both homologies and differences between the messages courses contained and the expressed beliefs of different generations of informants.  相似文献   

中国鸢尾属植物根茎中异黄酮类成分分布的初步研究及其系统学意义     

秦民坚  徐珞珊  田中俊弘  王强  徐国钧 《中国科学院研究生院学报》2000,38(4):343-349

 本文对鸢尾属Iris 22个种(基本上包括了各个亚属的代表)及其近缘属植物射干属Belamcanda的 射干 B．chinensis(L．)DC．进行了根茎的异黄酮类成分的比较分析研究。结果表明,鸢尾属植物和射干 中普遍具有异黄酮类成分,这是它们的特征性成分之一。根据化学成分的特征,鸢尾属可以分为两大类 群：只含异黄酮甙元的类群和既含异黄酮甙又含甙元的类群。从化学成分的分布特征来看,无附属物亚 属subgen．Limniris只含异黄酮甙元,是一个比较自然的类群。鸡冠状附属物亚属subgen．Crossiris,除小 花鸢尾 I．speculatrix Hance外,是一个较自然的类群。野鸢尾亚属subgen．Pardanthopsis和射干属的成分 非常相似,有着密切的亲缘关系,是鸢尾属中原始的类群。从化学成分特征来看,野鸢尾亚属与琴瓣鸢 尾亚属subgen．Xyridion、鸡冠状附属物亚属、须毛状附属物亚属subgen．Iris都有着一定的联系。根据化 学成分、孢粉学、细胞学等特征,认为：华夏鸢尾I．cathayensis Migo和长白鸢尾I．mandshurica Maxim．为无附属物亚属与须毛状附属物亚属两亚属之间的过渡类型。小花鸢尾是无附属物亚属向鸡冠状附属物亚属过渡的中间类型。扁竹兰I．confusa Sealy和扇形鸢尾I．wattii Baker可能是同一个种。  相似文献