The Usefulness of Saturated Salt Solution Embalming Method for Oral Surgical Skills Training: A New Cadaveric Training Model for Bone Harvesting     

Masato Watanabe  Yuya Yoneyama  Hayato Hamada  Michihide Kohno  On Hasegawa  Hidetoshi Takahashi  Yoko Kawase-Koga  Akira Matsuo  Daichi Chikazu  Shinichi Kawata  Masahiro Itoh 《Anatomical sciences education》2020,13(5):628-635

The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of saturated salt solution-embalmed cadavers for oral surgical skills training related to bone graft harvesting. Two half-day surgical skills training workshops were held at the Tokyo Medical University utilizing eight cadavers embalmed with the saturated salt solution. A total of 22 participants including oral surgeons, residents, and dentists attended the workshop. Surgical training consisted of six procedures related to intraoral and extraoral bone harvesting. The participants were surveyed to assess self-confidence levels for each surgical procedure before and after completion of each workshop. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the differences between each median score before and after the workshop. There were statistically significant increases in the self-assessed confidence scores in bone harvesting procedures for the zygomatic bone (P = 0.003), maxillary tuberosity (P = 0.002), and other sites (P < 0.001). The anatomical features of saturated salt solution-embalmed cadavers were also examined. The textures of the oral mucosa and skin were similar to those of living individuals. The structure of bone tissues was well-preserved and the hardness was realistic. Consequently, all procedures were performed with sufficient realism. The saturated salt solution method has a relatively low cost of preparation and storage, and almost no odor. The authors suggest that saturated salt solution-embalmed cadavers could provide a new model for oral surgical skills training in bone harvesting.  相似文献   

Age-Related Changes of Serum Soluble Interleukin 9 Receptor (sIL-9Rα) in Healthy Subjects     

Yoshihiro Okamoto  Mayuri Tanaka  Asami Kasahara  Takazumi Hara  Yoshimitsu Gotoh  Naoya Fujita  Takashi Fukui  Toshiyuki Masuzawa 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(4):400-404

Most cytokine receptors including interleukin (IL)-9 have soluble counterparts in body fluids. We planned to investigate the pathophysiological significance of the serum soluble IL-9 receptor (sIL-9R) level. We determined the serum sIL-9Rα chain (sIL-9Rα) levels in 96 healthy Japanese individuals to establish a control value by means of specific human sIL-9Rα ELISA, followed by a preliminary application in a patient with diarrhea positive hemolytic uremic syndrome. Age was negatively correlated with the sIL-9Rα level (Spearman r = −0.241, n = 96, p = 0.0180). The serum sIL-9Rα level showed a progressive decline to the normal adult level by the age of 30. The serum sIL-9Rα level of the patient with HUS was markedly higher than those of the age-matched control from the onset of the disease. Because of the remarkable age-dependent variability of sIL-9Rα in healthy subjects, disease-related changes, as well as therapy-dependent alterations, should be considered with caution. Thus, it is recommended that when the serum sIL-9Rα levels of patients are evaluated, the values should be compared with those of age-matched controls. The established control value will be used to discriminate between normal and the pathological conditions in our future studies.  相似文献   

Women,soccer and transnational migration: state of art,history and current patterns     

Yoko Kanemasu 《Soccer & Society》2017,18(1):148-151

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Comparative Education in a Microcosm: Methodological Insights from the International Schools Sector in Hong Kong     

Mark Bray  Yoko Yamato 《International Review of Education/Internationale Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft/Revue internationale l'éducation》2003,38(4):51-73

Many studies in the field of comparative education take national education systems as the basic unit of analysis. The present paper has been conceived within this tradition, but has a different angle of approach. It focuses on 47 international schools in a small territory. Some of the international schools were grouped into larger systems but others were free-standing institutions. The focus of the paper thus lies at an intersection between cross-national and intra-national comparisons. It makes methodological observations on the nature of comparisons that are possible within such a microcosm, and on the conceptual lessons that can be derived from such analysis.  相似文献   

Education and socio-political change: The continued growth and evolution of the international schools sector in Hong Kong     

Yoko?YamatoEmail author  Mark?BrayEmail author 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2002,3(1):24-36

This paper adds to the broad literature on education and socio-political change by presenting the distinctive case of the international schools sector in Hong Kong. It examines the growth of the sector and changing roles of the institutions within it. The sector was initially created to serve various foreign populations, but has increasingly served the local population too. Much of the evolution has been caused by social and political transition. The sector is not large, but is an instructive barometer of wider changes. The authors thank the schools and other bodies which provided data for this chapter. They also thank colleagues who commented on drafts, particularly Bob Adamson, Sharon Eng, Mark Mason and David Post.  相似文献   

The Moving Window Technique: A Window Into Developmental Changes in Attention During Facial Emotion Recognition     

Elina Birmingham  Tamara Meixner  Grace Iarocci  Christopher Kanan  Daniel Smilek  James W. Tanaka 《Child development》2013,84(4):1407-1424

The strategies children employ to selectively attend to different parts of the face may reflect important developmental changes in facial emotion recognition. Using the Moving Window Technique (MWT), children aged 5–12 years and adults (N = 129) explored faces with a mouse‐controlled window in an emotion recognition task. An age‐related increase in attention to the left eye emerged at age 11–12 years and reached significance in adulthood. This left‐eye bias is consistent with previous eye tracking research and findings of a perceptual bias for the left side of faces. These results suggest that a strategic attentional bias to the left eye begins to emerge at age 11–12 years and is likely established sometime in adolescence.  相似文献   

The knowledge society and the internationalization of Japanese higher education     

Yoko Tsuruta 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2013,33(2):140-155

The internationalization of higher education is considered to be a major policy agenda in the global knowledge society. For Japan, internationalization has been a key driver in academic and social advancement, while its traditional culture and national identity have also been retained. Recently, a series of policies have been presented by the government, university, and industry to attract more students and top calibre researchers from Asia and further afield, and to enhance exchange and collaboration, internationalization at home, and global human resource development. Concurrently, the controversial nature of internationalization has been pointed out, as well as the stagnant mobility of Japanese students and their inward-looking attitude. This paper discusses the internationalization of Japanese higher education by examining the relevant policy, practice, and perceptions of the people and institutions concerned. The major findings reveal the complexity of internationalization as a dynamic process of change, its vulnerability and marginality, and the extent of the gap between policy and practice. The author also addresses the increased relevance of the research in this field to policy-making and practice in education and its contribution to the production of new knowledge.  相似文献   

Trying to Make a Lever Work at Ages 1 to 4: The Development of "Functions" (Logico-mathematical Thinking)     

Constance Kamii  Yoko Miyakawa  Tsuguhiko Kato 《Early education and development》2013,24(1):145-161

To find out if children could make functions before age 4, 73 children aged 1 to 4 were encouraged to imitate the use of a lever to make a beanbag fly up. Functions are mental relationships that preoperational children can make between 2 things at a time in a unidirectional way (Piaget, Grize, Szeminska, &; Bang, 1968 Piaget, J., Grize, J.-B., Szeminska, A. and Bang, V. B. 1977. Epistemology and psychology of functions, Boston: Dreidel. (Original work published 1968)[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]/1977). The child's construction of the following 3 functions was hypothesized and confirmed: (a) As a function of being pushed down, the up end of the board (the lever) goes down; (b) as a function of this descent, the down end of the board goes up; and (c) as a function of this ascent of the board, the beanbag flies up. Three developmental levels were found, and educational implications are discussed.  相似文献   

Japanese-style evaluation systems for R&D projects: The MITI experience     

Masami Tanaka 《Research Policy》1989,18(6)

This article examines some of the key features of Japanese evaluation systems utilized in evaluating R&D policies. The distinctive features of the system are that Japan depends upon in-house self-assessment combined with close cooperation and consensus-seeking behavior with the government and its advisory bodies. This system is markedly different from those predominant in countries where R&D policies are evaluated separately, independent from the sphere of decision-making. The system described here is subjective rather than objective in that the direct promoters of R&D plans were directly included in the evaluation activities. The system has evolved gradually in the course of Japanese technological development, and has been influenced also by Japan's particular internal and external environment. The system appears to have worked well in areas where research programs were modified to obtain incremental improvement or to create new types of R&D programs. However, recent constraints caused by budget deficits, together with the shift from applied to more basic research, have required a new type of evaluation system for Japan's R&D policy.  相似文献   

The influence of audience and monetary reward on the putting kinematics of expert and novice golfers     

Tanaka Y  Sekiya H 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2010,81(4):416-424

We investigated changes in movement kinematics and attentional focus when expert and novice golfers performed a golf-putting task under pressure. Six male professional golfers and five male novice golfers performed 100 acquisition trials, followed by 10 trials in the pressure condition with a performance-contingent cash reward and small audience. After the 10 trials in the pressure condition, participants answered a questionnaire concerning attentional focus during both types of trial, including such aspects as conscious control of movements and the effects of distraction. A pressure manipulation check revealed a modest increase in physiological arousal, in that heart rate increased by about 10 bpm although state anxiety did not increase. A two-dimensional analysis of movement kinematics revealed that the amplitudes of arm and club movements decreased on the backswing in the pressure condition. Arm and club movement speed decreased on the foreswing in both experts and novices. Furthermore, neither experts nor novices changed their attentional focus in the pressure condition. Whereas previous studies of "choking under pressure" focused on attentional changes, the kinematic changes found in the present study were possibly caused by the influences of strategy modification and/or emotional response. Choking phenomena can be explained by attentional changes, along with the influences of strategy modification and/or emotional response under pressure.  相似文献