Questioning the crisis account: a review of evidence for increasing polarization in schools     

Stephen Gorard 《Educational research; a review for teachers and all concerned with progress in education》2013,55(3):309-321

This paper reconsiders three sources of evidence that have been presented to suggest that polarization of pupils both between and within schools is increasing, thus creating an increasingly divided system of 'winners' and 'losers'.The project from which this paper emerges has shown, in an analysis over ten years of all schools in England and Wales, that schools are becoming more mixed in terms of their social composition in many respects. Despite this reasonably comprehensive evidence, it has been argued by others that polarization is taking place below the level of the indicators used in our analysis (polarization by stealth), or thatwhile school compositions may be converging, school outcomes are definitely diverging, both within and between schools. The primary evidence presented for these three arguments is reviewed here, and it shows that none of the objections has any serious empirical foundation as yet. Of course, evidence may emerge in the future, and so the paper concludes by suggesting a few ways in which research in this area might proceed.  相似文献   

首都体育科技发展的现状研究     

董渝华  刘昕 《北京体育大学学报》2009,(4)

体育既是国民经济与社会发展的重要内容,又是反映现代社会文明和城市发展的重要指标。北京作为中国首都和构建和谐社会的首善之区,在其率先实现现代化的目标中也必然包括体育科技现代化的内容,而2008年的奥运会无疑又为推动首都体育科技现代化提供了宝贵的时代契机。为此,论文通过文献资料、特尔菲法、访谈等研究方法,运用翔实的数据描述了首都体育科技的发展现状,并据此提出了相应的发展策略。  相似文献   

重心前移有利于科技成果大面积转化——兼谈拓展经济类行业组织的职能     

曲津华 《科技成果管理与研究》2008,(1):7-10

传统的运作模式造成了转化途径的单一,使得科技成果难以做到大面积地转化。本文提出了将传统的基于企业的科技成果转化模式拓展为基于行业的转化模式的思路,论述了行业性转化平台的构建要点以及行业协会在其中的主导作用,以期经济类行业从先进科技成果的应用中整体受益。  相似文献   

孟浩然“滞洛”探究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

王辉斌 《襄樊学院学报》2000,(6)

唐代的“东都”洛阳 ,是孟浩然一生中往来最多的所在之一。文章不仅对孟浩然至洛阳的时次进行了具体勾勒 ,而且对其“年年白社客”的“滞洛”生活进行了详细考察 ,认为其“滞洛”的时间乃在开元二十年至二十一年的三入长安期间。之后 ,孟浩然便“自洛之越” ,与洛阳进行了永久性诀别  相似文献   

在干部政绩考核中要处理好12种关系     

韩国新  郭连城 《唐山学院学报》2000,(1)

总结了在干部政绩考核中应当处理好的１２种关系,提出了一些可行的方法和应当注意的问题。  相似文献   

A person-centered approach to achievement goal orientations in competitive tennis players: Associations with motivation and mental toughness     

Richard Gregory Cowden  Nicolas Mascret  Timothy Ryan Duckett 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2021,10(1):73-81

Background:Research on achievement goal orientations in sport has typically relied on the use of variable-centered approaches that tend to overlook population heterogeneity.In this study,we used a person-centered approach to identify subgroups of competitive tennis players according to unique combinations of achievement goal orientations and tested for subgroup differences in motivation and mental toughness.Methods:A sample of 323 competitive tennis athletes(69.35%male)between 15 and 25 years of age(17.60±2.40 years,mean±SD)completed the 3×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire for Sport,Sport Motivation Scale Ⅱ,and Mental Toughness Index.Latent profile analysis was used to identify unique combinations of achievement goal orientations.Comparisons between latent subgroups on autonomous motivation,controlled motivation,and mental toughness were performed using analysis of variance.Results:Latent profile analysis supported 3 distinct patterns of achievement goal profiles that were primarily distinguishable based on valence of competence(i.e.,approach vs.avoidance).Analyses of variance indicated that athletes who were classified into subgroups that endorsed approach types of goals(regardless of the types of avoidance goals they endorsed)reported higher levels of autonomous motivation and mental toughness.Conclusion:Results indicated that athletes tend to pursue a number of achievement goals collectively rather than in isolation.Although approach goals are more commonly linked to adaptive psychological functioning and positive outcomes,avoidance goals may also be associated with desirable psychological characteristics if they are pursued in conjunction with approach types of achievement goals.  相似文献   

The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education     

Luis García-González  Javier Sevil-Serrano  Angel Abós  Nathalie Aelterman  Leen Haerens 《Physical Education & Sport Pedagogy》2019,24(4):344-358

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.  相似文献   

《墨子·经下》和《经说下》的逻辑     

孙中原 《毕节学院学报》2011,29(3):32-38

《墨经》是天下奇书,更是最难读的书。在当今全球化的新时代,用人类先进的逻辑和科学知识工具,分析《经下》和《经说下》关于逻辑论证式、科学成就和科学精神,前人解读《墨经》的难题,可迎刃而解。  相似文献   

世界优秀男女链球运动员身体形态、年龄与最好成绩特征分析     

倪洽亚 《保山师专学报》2014,(2):101-104

运用文献资料调研法、数理统计法等方法,对参加北京奥运会、伦敦奥运会男女链球比赛71名运动员(男运动员31人,女运动员40人)5项基本参数进行比较分析。结果表明:成绩较好的A组和成绩较差的B组比较,两组男子运动员个人最好成绩平均值存在非常显著性差异(p0.01),而平均年龄、身高、体重、克托莱指数均不存在显著性差异(p0.05);两组女子运动员比较,个人最好成绩平均值存在非常显著性差异(p0.01),平均身高存在显著性差异(p0.05),平均年龄、体重和克托莱指数均不存在显著性差异(p0.05)。说明,该项目高水平运动员已经形成了比较稳定的身体形态特征;专项技术在世界高水平链球运动员中占有主导作用。此结果为链球运动员的选材和训练提供参考。  相似文献   

对高职创新创业教育发展的几点思考——基于对第八届国家职业教育成果奖的分析     

杨洁  杨振强 《科教导刊》2019,(12):1-2

本文基于第八届国家职业教育成果奖中涉及创新创业教育的相关数据,从申报类型、申报区域、涉及内容和方向几个维度进行了分析,并通过与第七届获奖数据的比较得出了目前创新创业教育的几点基本启示和共识,为今后做好创新创业教育工作提出了几点建议。  相似文献