行动研究的理论基础探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

窦菊花 《湖南科技学院学报》2009,30(4)

行动研究越来越受到人们的重视,对行动研究本身的研究是成功开展行动研究的重要保障.本文运用图书馆法,尝试从哲学、认知心理学以及教育学三个角度探讨批判理论、建构主义以及教师个人理论对行动研究的理论指导意义,旨在为广大行动研究者开展行动研究实践活动提供理论支撑.  相似文献   

Use of probabilistic and deterministic measures to identify unfavorable earthquake records     

Abbas Moustafa  Izuru Takewaki 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2009,10(5):619-634

This study introduces measures to identify resonant （concentration of energy in a single or a few frequencies） or unfavorable earthquake ground motions. Probabilistic measures based on the entropy rate and the geometric properties of the power spectral density function （PSDF） of the ground acceleration are developed first. Subsequently, deterministic measures for the frequency content of the ground acceleration are also developed. These measures are then used for identifying resonance and criticality in stochastic earthquake models and 110 acceleration records measured at rock, stiff, medium and soft soil sites. The unfavorable earthquake record for a given structure is defined as the record having a narrow frequency content and dominant frequency close to the structure fundamental natural frequency. Accordingly, the measures developed in this study may provide a basis for selecting records that are capable of producing the highest structural response. Numerical verifications are provided on damage caused to structures by identified resonant records.  相似文献   

Knowledge generation and sharing in UK universities: A tale of two cultures?     

Kerry E. Howell  Fenio Annansingh 《International Journal of Information Management》2013

As economies become more knowledge intensive it has become evident to most organizations that knowledge is a valuable resource. This is particularly true in academic organizations, which have the generation and dissemination of knowledge as their principal mission. This research assesses whether path-dependency exists in relation to cultural expectations of knowledge generation and sharing in knowledge intensive organizations. This paper adopts a constructivist approach facilitated by focus group discussions which were conducted in two UK universities, one Russell group university and the other a post-1992. Institutional culture and path dependency play a major role in the willingness of institutions to generate and share knowledge. Each institution exemplified a distinct path-dependency that underpinned cultural expectations but in each case internal and external factors were necessitating changes regarding knowledge sharing and generation which affected individual perspectives and organizational structures. The paper concludes by purporting that certain universities display critical junctures and cultural transformation in terms of knowledge generation, dissemination and sharing.  相似文献   

Dancing on the edge: a self-study exploring postcritical possibilities in physical education     

Judy Bruce 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(6):807-824

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Youths with migration backgrounds and their experiences of physical education: an examination of three cases     

D. Barker  N. Barker-Ruchti  M. Gerber  E. Gerlach  S. Sattler  U. Pühse 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(2):186-203

While understanding young people has never been easy, migration trends make it increasingly difficult. Many classrooms have become culturally heterogeneous and teachers are often faced with pupils with diverse linguistic and cultural heritages. Current scholarship suggests that as a discipline, physical education has not adapted to this diversity. In fact, commentators have suggested that physical education alienates pupils from minority groups and that traditional practices work to maintain cultural difference. The broad objective of this paper is to provide insights into how physical education intersects with biographies shaped by migration. Drawing from a case study investigation, this paper presents interview data from three youths with migration backgrounds living in a German-speaking region of Switzerland. The cases were selected because they highlight various ways in which physical education (PE) comes to make sense for adolescents. The key arguments that we develop are that ethnicity often works at an implicit level in PE, that young people experience the effects of migration backgrounds in diverse ways, and that migrants themselves support official educational discourses that work to disadvantage people with migration backgrounds. A key implication is that in a cultural milieu in which generalisations are normal and sometimes considered desirable, both researchers and practitioners need to be wary of racialising discourses. As an alternative, it is suggested that focusing on individual processes can improve the conceptualisation and implementation of physical education pedagogies.  相似文献   

Grand designs! analysing the conceptual tensions associated with new physical education and health and well-being curriculum     

Malcolm Thorburn  Andrew Horrell 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(5):621-636

The positioning of physical education in the school curriculum continues to reflect external discourses circulating in political and social milieu. As increasing austerity measures influence and restrict educational priorities, we consider that there is an urgent need for physical educationalists to articulate a rationale for an educational contribution which is worthy of investment and which avoids the pitfalls of conceptual ambiguity and/or reliance on narrowly drawn health evidence. We, therefore, write as teacher educators, working within a critical framework, who are concerned by the disconnection between competing visions of physical education, when examined from contemporary sociological and philosophical perspectives. With reference to the policy opportunities available in Scotland, we identify how cultivating salutogenic approaches, where a broad, but nevertheless coherent perspective on health and well-being is advanced could offer enhanced prospects for the centrality of physical education in education and schooling. However, apart from the contribution of Quennerstedt, quite how such approaches can be modelled in curriculum has received little critical attention. We see the potential in applying Tiberius's philosophical and social psychological ideas on developing reflective wisdom and of nurturing in education productive experiences which can help pupils deepen their understanding of the health and well-being decisions they make and of the lives they choose to live. After reviewing the contextual influences on policy, we have begun to consider in embryonic terms the methodological possibilities for teachers as insightful and active curriculum decision makers in years to come. We conclude by summarising the benefits of re-conceptualising experiences in physical education in order to help pupils' make informed decisions which are based on enhanced self-awareness and a perspective on the world that views physical education as an essentially optimistic and good endeavour which is worthy of sustained commitment.  相似文献   

Regulation and deregulation in education policy: new reforms and school sports in Swedish upper secondary education     

Stefan Lund 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(3):241-257

During the 1990s, neoliberal reforms in Sweden increased local school actors' possibilities to develop school profiles regarding both organization and content. This restructuring has increased the total number of school sports programs as well as the possibilities for upper secondary schools and sports clubs to develop elite and amateur sports on a local level. In a new educational reform, the Swedish Government criticizes parts of the Swedish school sports system. The Government believes that the majority of local school sports programs and courses obstruct the maintenance of national equivalence, that upper secondary schools use school sports to attract pupils for economic reasons and that some pupils involved in school sports may fail to reach the academic or vocational goals of regular upper secondary education. Using critical discourse analysis, the present paper illustrates how educational policies are linked to wider symbolic meaning systems in an attempt to legitimize, define and organize upper secondary schools and to characterize pupils as either eligible or ineligible to participate in school sports. The analyses are based on various types of empirical data: policy documents, official letters from the sports movement on the government bill and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that the reform represents a shift in the policy rhetoric: from a normative rhetoric highlighting pupils' social and emotional reasons for choosing school sports, to a rational rhetoric emphasizing efficiency, standardization and regulation of pupils' educational choices. Using school sports as an example, the paper shows how the main aim of the reform—to raise educational standards and maintain national equivalence—is achieved through social differentiation, meaning that pupils with the right performance indicators are selected for participation in programs to which they are suited.  相似文献   

Ethics,politics and bio-pedagogy in physical education teacher education: easing the tension between the self and the group     

Alvaro Sicilia Camacho  Juan-Miguel Fernández-Balboa 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(1):1-20

In this paper, we argue that reflecting upon our personal experiences and the origins of our ethical and political beliefs can be useful to see that, as much as society has a strong influence on us, each of us has the capacity to influence society. Also we suggest that there exist intimate links between personhood and pedagogy. As such, through the use of bio-pedagogical passages, we examine the process of coming to the realisation of the need to develop ethical principles that enable us to contribute to society in universally beneficial ways through our teaching. Moreover, we explain that, as they try to help prospective educators understand their future role in society, physical education teacher educators (PETEs) ought to start with clear ethical principles, not just merely technical (or even scientific) ones. These principles, in turn, can serve as a guide for all pedagogical (read political) actions, both inside and outside the classroom. We close this paper offering viable guidelines as to how this can be done.  相似文献   

Biomedicine,psychology and the kindergarten: children at risk and emerging knowledge practices     

Michalis Kontopodis 《Sport, Education and Society》2013,18(4):475-493

This study moves in the space between two fields: science and technology studies (STS) and childhood studies; it thus belongs to the broader STS literature that investigates everyday practices outside the laboratory. The interpretation of ethnographic and bibliographic data on contemporary cardiovascular and obesity prevention in German kindergartens makes evident that when knowledge travels from biomedical laboratories to the preschool, then psychology comes into play! Bodies of knowledge such as behavioural or cognitive theories shape prevention and intervention practices, which could be seen as originally resulting from biomedical findings and trends. Accompanying this development is a change in the primary sciences that deal with childhood: these are no longer pedagogy or developmental and educational psychology (at least in their traditional forms), but ‘developmental science’. All this shapes contemporary childhood in quite normative ways. It thus remains an open question what non- or less normative institutional practices and bodies of knowledge could look like.  相似文献   

Critical race theory in India: theory translation and the analysis of social identities and discrimination in Indian schooling     

Melissa Rae Goodnight 《Compare》2017,47(5):665-683

This article examines ethical and philosophical considerations in theory translation, i.e. translating a theoretical framework from its original place to another national context. Critical race theory (CRT) was developed in the United States through significant struggle in order to analyze everyday racism. Marginalized groups have historically shared postcolonial critiques, conceptualizations of social justice, and methods for mass resistance across national borders. Through an analysis of the literature on CRT and contemporary India, this article explores whether CRT’s principles and methodology can be employed to research discrimination within India’s school system. Can CRT be sensitive to the differences in context and still retain its philosophical center? This analysis reveals that CRT may be particularly helpful in highlighting the educational discrimination experienced by Dalits via use of CRT’s social construction thesis to conceptualize caste and intersectionality to understand caste’s relationship to gender and class.  相似文献