Bringing the State Back In: restoring the role of the State in Chinese higher education     

Ka Ho Mok 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(2):228-241

In the last few decades, in the wake of three major crises in political faith and the overall instability that followed the end of the Cultural Revolution, the post-Mao Chinese government has sought to improve the lives of its citizens and to restore political legitimacy through rapid economic growth that has focused almost exclusively on GDP. This strong focus has brought about rapid, widespread economic growth to China, and has, by classical market standards, been a success. At the same time, issues of social development and human well-being have received less attention. Before the Hu-Wen leadership's formal accession to power, the Jiang-Zhu administration sought to adopt neo-liberal ideas and practices to reform the delivery of social services and the implementation and funding of social policy. In this context, major fields of social policy such as health, education, and housing have been going through the processes of marketisation and privatisation, which have placed much of the financial burden of meeting these social welfare needs on China's citizens. After several decades of privatisation and marketisation in the educational system, the Chinese government has been the subject of repeated criticism for failing to tackle what is popularly known as the ‘new three mountains phenomenon’, namely, the rising cost of health, education, and housing in recent years. Against the wider policy context described above, this article examines the social and political consequences of the privatisation and marketisation of education. It also discusses the major policies and strategies recently adopted by the Chinese government to restore the role of the State in the education system in order to address the negative consequences of the privatisation of education. Finally, it critically examines the main implications of major reforms undertaken in higher education in Mainland China.  相似文献   

It Ain’t What You Say...     

John Yandell 《Changing English: An International Journal of English Teaching》2013,20(4):341-350

This essay takes as its starting-point the recent announcement that GCSE English, the high-stakes test taken by 16-year-olds in England, will no longer include the assessment of speaking and listening. It attempts to place this decision, and other recent policy interventions that will have an impact on how talk in the classroom is conceptualised and valued, in a longer history of schooling, attitudes to spoken English and the notion of a spoken standard. The essay then explores, through an account of an observed GCSE English lesson, something of the complexities involved in taking talk, and the assessment of talk, seriously.  相似文献   

中国"和平崛起"战略之奥运与国际关系视角研究     

赵旭  刘茜 《南京体育学院学报(社会科学版)》2004,18(4):9-15

研究中国的“和平崛起”战略,创造中国特色的和平崛起国际关系理论,为中国的国家利益服务,这无疑是国际关系理论学者所应承担的光辉历史使命。以奥运为切入点,以大国责任和国家社会人假设为理论基础,通过数学模型、奥运奖牌统计图表、国际关系预测模型、国家实力要素模型等实证的研究方法,开创中国思维模式的国际关系理论。有鉴于此,2008年北京奥运会将是中国向国际社会展示“和平崛起”信仰的大好时机,为中国和平崛起营造良好的国际环境。  相似文献   

Inter-ethnic preferences and ethnic hierarchies in the former soviet union     

Louk Hagendoorn  Rian Drogendijk  Sergey Tumanov  Joseph Hraba 《Int J Intercult Relat》1998,22(4):1017

One-thousand two-hundred and ninety university students from twenty-seven ethnic?national groups across six locations in the former Soviet Union (Novopolotsk in Byelorussia, Kharkov in the Ukraine, Moscow and Nizniy Novgorod in Russia, Ufa in the Bashkir Autonomous Republic and Ulan-Ude in the Buryat Autonomous Republic) participated in 1991–1992 in a survey investigating the existence of ingroup preference in inter-ethnic contact, ingroup consensus on an ethnic hierarchy of outgroups and the measure of intergroup consensus on an ethnic hierarchy among the ethnic?national groups in each location. Hypotheses about ingroup preference, ethnic hierarchies and consensus were derived from realistic group conflict theory, social identity theory and from the assumption that outgroup preferences reflect considerations of the status effects of intergroup contact. It appeared that the last type of hypothesis could explain most of the results.  相似文献   

对大学生情绪稳定性和性格倾向与体育课考试成绩关系的研究     

梁风 《安徽体育科技》1998,(2)

从提高教学质量出发,旨在为教师正确指导学生如何调控体育考试的心理状态,正常发挥应有的水平,以及探讨在教学和考试测验中,师生双边关系的最佳结合点,以利于教学质量的提高。作者以593名大学生作为研究对象,分期分批,进行了为期近7年的教学实践和考试实验研究。研究结果表明：情绪稳定性对个体的运动技能及考试成绩的影响关系密切;性格倾向不影响个体的运动能力,但考试成绩表现为性格外向型的平均成绩优于性格内向型的平均成绩,并与运动项目关系密切;教师在考试时,使用不同的考试指导语,创设不同的考试情景氛围,在一定程度上影响着学生的应试情绪及运动技能的发挥。  相似文献   

一对矛盾、摩擦的连体双胞胎──“世界新秩序”中的美日关系     

卞慕东 《五邑大学学报(社会科学版)》1998,(2)

竞争性的相互依存，这种提法反映了美日在处理双边关系时共有的复杂心态。他们意识到旧的依存基础已经变迁，日益深刻的矛盾难以依靠传统的相互信任和合作来解决，又不愿看到他们的依存被破坏。经过一番讨价还价，双方都只有通过新的“安保条约”的签订，尽可能地克服两者之间的矛盾、摩擦。  相似文献   

论索绪尔语言符号的二重性     

欧阳倍祥 《和田师范专科学校学报》2007,27(3):166-167

关于语言符号的理论是索绪尔语言学理论的重要贡献之一。该理论涉及语言符号的双重性质:语言符号既是任意的、非理性的又是理据的、可论证的;既是稳定不变的又是动态变化的。语言系统的构建是语言符号之间组合关系和联想关系相互作用的结果。  相似文献   

“To Disdain the Truth and Look at Others with Contempt:” Byzantines and Muslims on Latin Pride and Arrogance,ca. 1100–1300     

Professor Kiril Petkov 《Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean》2007,19(2):99-119

This essay examines the fundamentals of the Byzantine and Muslim political discourses during the period of the Crusades by analyzing a common political trope, the concept of Western pride and arrogance. The principal argument is that the seemingly stable categories of Eastern political propaganda obscure a massive discursive shift. At the beginning of their encounter with the Latin Christians both Byzantines’ and Levantine Muslims’ discourses on power and their place on the international stage were hegemonical, exclusive and self-referential. Towards the end of the Crusading period and under the steady pressures of Western practices, both societies’ political discourses came to accept as legitimate principles of international politics—such as power as a claim rather than a right, relations based on contract, territoriality and legitimacy of secular rule—that have long been the staple of Western conceptualization of politics, but were initially seen as utterly alien by Byzantines and Levantine Muslims.  相似文献   

Interethnic relations at work: Examining ethnic minority and majority members’ experiences in The Netherlands     

Juliette Schaafsma   《Int J Intercult Relat》2008,32(5):453-465

Using qualitative methods, this study explored ethnic minority and majority members’ perceptions of the interethnic relations in their work unit. A total of 219 ethnic minority and majority employees and managers were interviewed, divided over 15 Dutch organizations. It was found that interethnic relations were less harmonious when ethnic differences were perceived to affect people's sense of achievement (e.g., work goals), their sense of belonging (e.g., unity of the group), and their sense of equality (e.g., procedural justice). Such problems were reported more often when ethnic differences were associated with other types of diversity, such as information diversity and value diversity. Less harmonious interethnic relations were reported by ethnic majority group members and in low-skill settings where actual ethnic differences were large. The findings suggest that ethnic differences per se do not necessarily affect interethnic relations in a work setting, but do so only when they are meaningful to individuals or within a particular context.  相似文献   

Resource utilisation and power relations of community sport clubs in the aftermath of natural disasters     

《Sport Management Review》2015,18(4):555-569

Community sport clubs (CSCs) provide a number of benefits to local communities, while confronting challenges with finances and staffing. In Queensland, Australia, these challenges have been compounded by recent natural disasters including widespread flooding that have significantly impacted operations of CSCs. The current research explores the provision of resources to CSCs in the aftermath of flooding events in 2010 and 2011, as well as the influence on power relations between CSCs and resource providers. To address this research purpose, qualitative data were collected across nine site visits (focus groups, interviews) to affected CSCs. The data revealed three resource providers: volunteers and members, partner organisations and government. In addition, the results indicate that relations between CSCs and members and volunteers, partner organisations and government were impacted in different ways. Examples of resource providers wielding power over CSCs due to the provision of resources emerged, along with some evidence of mutual power and dependence and CSCs exerting power over resource providers. The results provide implications for CSC managers to be more proactive in relation to resourcing through developing strategies for network building and improved communication within networks.  相似文献