Virtual Dissection: An Interactive Anatomy Learning Tool     

Bruce Wainman  Akanksha Aggarwal  Sapriya K. Birk  Jaskaran S. Gill  Katrina S. Hass  Barbara Fenesi 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(6):788-798

The novelty of three-dimensional visualization technology (3DVT), such as virtual reality (VR), has captured the interest of many educational institutions. This study’s objectives were to (1) assess how VR and physical models impact anatomy learning, (2) determine the effect of visuospatial ability on anatomy learning from VR and physical models, and (3) evaluate the impact of a VR familiarization phase on learning. This within-subjects, crossover study recruited 78 undergraduate students who studied anatomical structures at both physical and VR models and were tested on their knowledge immediately and 48 hours after learning. There were no significant differences in test scores between the two modalities on both testing days. After grouping participants on visuospatial ability, low visuospatial ability learners performed significantly worse on anatomy knowledge tests compared to their high visuospatial ability counterparts when learning from VR immediately (P = 0.001, d = 1.515) and over the long-term (P = 0.003, d = 1.279). In contrast, both low and high visuospatial ability groups performed similarly well when learning from the physical model and tested immediately after learning (P = 0.067) and over the long-term (P = 0.107). These results differ from current literature which indicates that learners with low visuospatial ability are aided by 3DVT. Familiarizing participants with VR before the learning phase had no impact on learning (P = 0.967). This study demonstrated that VR may be detrimental to low visuospatial ability students, whereas physical models may allow all students, regardless of their visuospatial abilities, to learn similarly well.  相似文献   

Anatomy as a Model Environment for Acquiring Professional Competencies in Medicine: Experiences at Harvard Medical School     

Katherine G. McDaniel  Taylor Brown  Caitlin C. Radford  Cynthia H. McDermott  Trudy van Houten  Martha E. Katz  Dana A. Stearns  Sabine Hildebrandt 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(2):241-251

Anatomy education provides students with opportunities to learn structure and function of the human body, to acquire professional competencies such as teamwork, interpersonal skills, self-awareness, and to reflect on and practice medical ethics. The fulfillment of this wide potential can present challenges in courses that are part of an integrated curriculum and shorter than traditional courses. This new reality, together with students' increasing concern about the stresses within medical education, led to efforts at Harvard Medical School to implement practical steps toward an optimal learning environment in anatomy. These were based on core elements of ethical anatomy education and principles of trauma-informed care. Anatomy is conceptualized here as the “first clinical discipline,” with relational interactions between anatomical educators, medical students, and body donors/patients. Essential prerequisites for the implementation of this work were support by the medical school leadership, open partnership between engaged students and faculty, faculty coordination, and peer-teaching. Specific interventions included pre-course faculty development on course philosophy and invitations to students to share their thoughts on anatomy. Student responses were integrated in course introductions, combined with a pre-dissection laboratory visit, an introductory guide, and a module on the history and ethics of anatomy. During the course, team-building activities were scheduled, and self-reflection encouraged, for example, through written exercises, and elective life-body drawing. Students' responses to the interventions were overall positive, but need further evaluation. This first attempt of a systematic implementation of an optimal learning environment in anatomy led to the identification of areas in need of adjustment.  相似文献   

Team-Based Ultrasound Objective Structured Practice Examination (OSPE) in the Anatomy Course     

Taylor M. Weiskittel  Nirusha Lachman  Anjali Bhagra  Kylie Andersen  Jeff St. Jeor  Wojciech Pawlina 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(3):377-384

The clinical use of ultrasound has dramatically increased, necessitating early ultrasound education and the development of new tools in ultrasound training and assessment. The goal of this study was to devise a novel low-resource examination that tested the anatomical knowledge and technical skill of early undergraduate medical students in a gross anatomy course. The team-based ultrasound objective structured practice examination (OSPE) was created as a method for assessing practical ultrasound competencies, anatomical knowledge, and non-technical skills such as teamwork and professionalism. The examination utilized a rotation of students through four team roles as they scanned different areas of the body. This station-based examination required four models and four instructors, and tested ultrasound skills in the heart, abdominal vessels, abdominal organs, and neck regions. A Likert scale survey assessed student attitudes toward the examination. Survey data from participants (n = 46) were examined along with OSPE examination grades (n = 52). Mean and standard deviations were calculated for examination items and survey responses. Student grades were high in both technical (96.5%). and professional (96.5%) competencies with structure identification scoring the lowest (93.8%). There were no statistical differences between performances in each of the body regions being scanned. The survey showed that students deemed the examination to be fair and effective. In addition, students agreed that the examination motivated them to practice ultrasound. The team-based OSPE was found to be an efficient and student-favored method for evaluating integrated ultrasound competencies, anatomical knowledge, team-work, and professional attributes.  相似文献   

Why is Anatomy Difficult to Learn? The Implications for Undergraduate Medical Curricula     

Chun Chung Cheung  Susan M. Bridges  George L. Tipoe 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(6):752-763

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Is remote near-peer anatomy teaching an effective teaching strategy? Lessons learned from the transition to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic     

Mitchell L. Thom  Blair A. Kimble  Kelli Qua  Susanne Wish-Baratz 《Anatomical sciences education》2021,14(5):552-561

In response to the Covid-19 pandemic, medical educators have transformed pre-clerkship anatomy curricula into online formats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and student perceptions of an online near-peer anatomy curriculum. The classes of 2022 and 2023 completed identical foundational anatomy curricula in-person, whereas the class of 2024 completed an adapted curriculum for remote online learning. Quantitative and qualitative responses were used to compare attitudes between instructional methods. Assessment scores and evaluation survey responses were collected from the classes of 2022 (n = 185), 2023 (n = 184), and 2024 (n = 183). Mean assessment scores (±SD) for the classes of 2022, 2023, and 2024 were 93.64% (±5.86), 93.75% (±4.09), and 92.04% (±4.83), respectively. Post hoc group comparisons showed the class of 2024 scored significantly lower than the two previous classes [2022: (H(1) = 18.58, P < 0.001), 2023: (H(1) = 18.65, P < 0.001)]. Mean survey results concerning curriculum quality were 4.06/5.00 for the class of 2023 and 3.57/5.0 for the class of 2024 (t(365) = 2.67, P = 0.008). Considering a small effect size (η² = 0.034), there was no meaningful difference in student assessment scores. A potential drawback of online near-peer anatomy teaching remains in student perceptions of course quality; qualitative feedback suggested technological limitations and perceptions of online course instructors were partly responsible for lower student satisfaction. Following the Covid-19 pandemic, medical educators should incorporate the lessons learned from this unique educational inflection point to improve curricula moving forward.  相似文献   

法医毒理学开放性实验教学   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林刻智  胡芸  董缪武  李兴彪 《实验室研究与探索》2008,27(8)

目的探索开放式实验教学在法医毒理学实验中的应用效果。方法设甲胺磷中毒为开放式实验内容,家兔为实验动物,由学生自行设计实验内容、自己动手操作、分析讨论、提交综合性实验报告,最后由指导教师进行讲评。结果通过对甲胺磷中毒的实验设计、组织切片的制作,以及镜下观察,初步掌握了实验原理、方法、步骤等相关理论知识。结论该学习方式对学生的未来发展有重要帮助,是培养本科生动手能力、分析解决问题能力,提高综合素质的有效途径。  相似文献   

莲雾叶片的解剖学研究     

唐为萍  陈树思  朱慧  蔡琳琳  方俊杰 《韩山师范学院学报》2008,29(6)

用冷冻切片法制片,光学显微镜观察,研究莲雾叶的解剖结构．结果表明,莲雾叶为典型的异面叶,同时表现出许多中生形态．表皮由一层排列紧密形状不规则的表皮细胞组成,细胞外壁角质膜较厚,上表皮角质膜一般较下表皮角质膜厚2μm．叶肉组织发达,其间分布有不规则形状晶体．栅栏组织由1-2层排列整齐的圆柱形细胞组成．横切面上栅栏组织厚度与海绵组织厚度之比为1：3．主脉发达,有由木纤维和厚壁细胞组成的维管柬鞘,具周生韧皮部．这些特征与其喜高温喜湿的生活习性相适应．  相似文献   

腰椎椎骨骨性管道与腰椎管狭窄症的解剖学基础     

鲁昌盛  刘长慧  李小玲 《鄂州大学学报》2006,13(6):48-49

目的:研究脊椎骨性管道为治疗椎管狭窄症提供解剖学基础。方法:用不同尸材19具,解剖出第四腰椎,观察测量其矢状径的大小。结果:19块椎骨管径在14.5mm-17.9mm之间,平均为(17.0±0.41)mm。结论:国人矢状径平均17.0mm,15mm为临界值,12mm以下为狭窄。  相似文献   

Measuring medical students' motivation to learning anatomy by cadaveric dissection          下载免费PDF全文

Eiman M. Abdel Meguid  Mohammed K. Khalil 《Anatomical sciences education》2017,10(4):363-371

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自然科学视野中的鲁迅其人其文(之二)     

李宗刚 《山东商业职业技术学院学报》2006,6(5):82-86

鲁迅其人其文一直没有离开自然科学的理论支持，其既获利于科学方法又受益于科学精神。鲁迅终其一生的韧性战斗所创造的光辉业绩和文学瑰宝，都充溢着科学理性精神。从自然科学的视野来审视鲁迅其人其文，可以发现，自然科学不但深刻影响其人，同时也深刻地影响其文，至于由此所显现出来的规律性的东西，更值得我们认真地体味和解读。  相似文献