American colonial education policy and Filipino labour migration to the US (1900–1935)     

Mark Maca 《Asia Pacific Journal of Education》2017,37(3):310-328

Public mass schooling was the major instrument used by the Americans in the performance of their mission to “civilize” Filipinos. Free primary education was implemented right after the islands’ annexation in 1899 and was a critical component (alongside armed force) of the programme for their “pacification”. For the elite, education formed a route into collaborative involvement in the management of the colonial state. By the second decade of colonization, Filipinos were managing the civil service, participating in elected institutions and installed as mayors and governors. Like that of the Spanish, American colonial governance was profoundly reliant on the collaboration of members of the haciendero class, and thus implicated in the maintenance of long-established social and political hierarchies. But what did the maintenance of that status quo imply for ordinary Filipinos, now increasingly educated and literate in the language of the colonial power? Specifically, to what extent did this combination of socio-economic stasis and educational progress contribute to spurring early labour migration? This article investigates how far labour migration was seen to be, or functioned as, a mechanism for maintaining social and political stability in the American colonial period. It examines how this phenomenon was related to the free and English-based mass education programme undertaken out of an urge to fulfil what Kipling – writing of the American colonial enterprise – termed “the White Man’s Burden”.  相似文献   

‘The students do not know why they are here’: education decision-making for Syrian refugees     

Fares J. Karam  Paul J. Yoder 《Globalisation, Societies & Education》2017,15(4):448-463

This case study, conducted collaboratively between education scholars and education practitioners, describes and analyses the ways in which Syrian refugee teachers and an NGO are developing and implementing non-formal education (NFE) programming in three refugee settlements in Lebanon. Utilising the INEE Minimum Standards for Education in Emergencies, we analyse teachers’ and programme administrators’ decision-making processes regarding curriculum, language of instruction, and pedagogy as well as how and why these decisions are made in the absence of a guiding framework or policy for NFE. We also consider the ways in which the nation-state writ large still helps to influence these decisions in the ‘global era’.  相似文献   

Career plans of final-year South African student teachers: migration to ‘greener pastures’?     

J. J. R. de Villiers 《Africa Education Review》2017,14(3-4):212-229

Teacher loss due to migration is a global phenomenon that impacts both developed and developing nations the world over. The aim of this study was to find out about the career plans of final-year South African student teachers. A group of final-year Bachelor of Education student teachers from a South African university responded to a questionnaire on intra- and intercontinental migration. The responses were analysed quantitatively and/or qualitatively. The findings showed that 79% of the students indicated that they would be teaching in South Africa, 8% were planning to teach in another country, while 8% were undecided. More than a third of the students (38%) said that they would like to teach in another country in five years’ time. Just more than a quarter of the students (27%) preferred Australia as a destination country. The student teachers’ most important motive to teach in a foreign country was the opportunity to travel, followed by earning a higher salary, and professional development. The student teachers indicated that their most important migration needs before leaving South Africa were information about health care, accommodation, and banking assistance.  相似文献   

不确定性条件下企业信息系统的云化决策方法     

苗虹  宋倩倩  孙金生  王念新  李鹏  葛世伦 《软科学》2016,(8):129-132

企业在决策本地化信息系统转换为云模式的软件即服务时面临着技术市场发展、云化收益、决策者风险偏好等诸多不确定性。针对该决策,引入前景理论考虑了维持现状偏好、追求管理时尚等心理行为,依据交易成本理论和技术组织环境理论提取了决策指标,以未来不同的软件即服务市场成熟度作为前景状态,计算各备选信息系统云化迁移的综合前景值,形成不确定性条件下企业信息系统的云化决策方法。同时,应用该方法实例分析了一家企业,并与基于期望值的灰色随机多准则决策方法进行了比较,说明了该方法的可行性和合理性。  相似文献   

Immigrant girls as caregivers to younger siblings: a transnational feminist analysis     

Jo‐Anne Lee 《Gender and education》2011,23(2):105-119

This article employs a transnational feminist lens to examine the experiences of racialised immigrant girls who provide care for their younger siblings. The article draws on findings from a participatory action research study in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada to examine the role that immigrant girls’ caregiving practices play in transnational families’ social, economic, and cultural survival. It argues that greater attention should be given to the diverse and complex contexts, consequences, costs, and contributions of immigrant girls’ caregiving labour.  相似文献   

层状SnSe₂材料中锂离子吸附和迁移的第一性原理研究     

方林灿  郝宽荣  闫清波  郑庆荣 《中国科学院大学学报》2018,35(6):735-742

使用第一性原理方法系统地计算研究层状SnSe₂材料中锂离子吸附和迁移。发现锂原子在SnSe₂表面被强烈吸附,结合能（>3eV）显著大于石墨烯、磷烯、MoS₂等二维层状材料。Bader电荷分析表明锂原子的几乎整个2s电子电荷都转移给了SnSe₂,锂原子以正离子的形式存在。单层SnSe₂表面锂离子的迁移势垒为0.197eV,低于石墨烯、MoS₂等二维层状材料。基于单层SnSe₂的锂离子电池理论,平均开路电压为3.05V。此外,锂离子的插入也带来了从半导体态向金属态的转变,从而具有较好的电导率。这些发现增进了对层状过渡金属二硫化物材料中锂离子吸附性质和迁移机制的理解。  相似文献   

迁徙蒙古族传统体育文化现状的比较——以云南、新疆蒙古族为例     

冯艳琼  程斌 《首都体育学院学报》2011,23(2):111-116

通过文献资料法、田野调查法、专家访谈法等研究方法,对迁居在云南和新疆的蒙古族传统体育文化演进现状进行比较研究,结果表明:社会变迁直接或间接的影响迁徙蒙古族体育文化的发展,其中地理环境、生产生活方式、语言文化、人口数量的变化对迁徙蒙古族民族传统体育文化的影响尤为明显。其次,在与迁徙地其他民族的交往和融合过程中,多民族文化丰富了其民族传统体育文化的内涵及创新。  相似文献   

Voluntary and involuntary immigrants and adolescents’ endorsement of multiculturalism     

Maike Gieling  Jochem Thijs  Maykel Verkuyten 《Int J Intercult Relat》2011,35(2):259-267

This research examined whether the way in which migrants are defined has implications for majority group adolescents’ evaluation of maintenance of the heritage culture. Using an experimental questionnaire design, the findings demonstrate that when migrants are considered to have left their country on a voluntary basis, endorsement of cultural maintenance is lower than when migration is perceived to be involuntary. This was found to be the case when voluntary immigrants were contrasted with immigrants that have been recruited as labor migrants by the host society (Study 1, N = 843), and when voluntary immigrants were contrasted with immigrants that are forced to leave their country of origin (Study 2, N = 108). Furthermore, Study 2 found similar effects for emigrants. In both studies, national identification was negatively related to support for cultural maintenance. In addition, higher identifiers were more strongly in favor of allowing involuntary emigrants to maintain their own culture than lower identifiers. The implications of this research are discussed.  相似文献   

劳动力外出务工对农户水土保持技术采用的影响——基于集体行动参与的中介效应     

李煜阳  陆迁  贾彬  刘戴娆 《资源科学》2021,43(6):1088-1098

在农村劳动力转移的趋势下,黄土高原农户在时间禀赋恒定条件下的劳动力配置逐渐成为采用水土保持技术的关键因素,探究二者关系对于提高技术采用率、减少水土流失、改善生态环境具有重要意义。本文利用黄土高原区1197份农户的调查数据,使用Probit模型,主要考察了农户劳动力外出务工行为及时间长短对水土保持技术采用的影响,进一步运用逐步检验法,检验了农户参与集体行动对外出务工影响水土保持技术采用的中介效应。研究结果表明：①总体上,劳动力外出务工会促进其水土保持技术的采用。但异质性分析表明,随着劳动力外出务工时间延长,农户对农业收入依赖性降低,削弱了农户水土保持技术的采取。②农户参与村集体行动是劳动力转移影响农户水土保持技术采用行为的渠道之一,具有部分中介效应,证实了集体行动模式在水土保持技术应用推广中的价值。此外,农业经营决策者的受教育程度、务农年限与农户家庭的邻里互助、技术改善认知以及政府的技术推广活动均对农户的水土保持技术采用行为具有显著的正向影响。本文不仅提供了劳动力转移趋势下水土保持技术扩散的研究证据,对健全村集体行动以促进技术采用也具备一定的经验价值。  相似文献   

一个耕地抛荒的解决方案：农民工回乡创业     

李文辉  ;徐邓耀 《四川师范学院学报》2014,(6):90-95

研究目的在于分析利用农民工回乡创业缓解耕地抛荒的可行性。结合需求层次理论、人口流动理论,构建的数学模型分析了耕地抛荒的原因、回乡创业的可行性。研究结果表明,城乡收入差距导致的人口流动是目前耕地抛荒的主要原因;追求自身价值实现的动机是农民工回乡创业的主要原因。最后,给出了具有可操作性的政策建议。  相似文献