Physical Inactivity,Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective     

S. Boyd Eaton  Stanley B. Eaton 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2017,88(1):1-8

Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.  相似文献   

大剂量补充亮氨酸对抗阻运动所致骨骼肌损伤的影响     

夏志  赵艳  孟思进  史仍飞  尚画雨  王良峡  刘娟  苏全生 《北京体育大学学报》2017,40(10):56-62

摘要：目的：探讨补充亮氨酸对无训练史被试进行抗阻运动所致骨骼肌损伤的影响。方法：16名青年男性大学生据体重随机分为补充亮氨酸组与安慰剂对照组,亮氨酸和安慰剂组被试从测试日深蹲抗阻运动前3周直至运动后4 d分别以每千克体重150 mg剂量摄入150 mL亮氨酸或糊精溶液。测试日各组被试以50% 1RM负荷完成5组深蹲运动,每组20次,组间间歇2 min。深蹲运动前于肘正中静脉采集血样,测量大腿围、纵跳高度、膝关节活动幅度与肌肉酸痛程度,并于运动后即刻、24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h重复测试。ELISA法检测血清CK-MM、Mb与血浆IL-6,胶乳增强免疫比浊法检测血清CRP。结果：与安慰剂组被试相比,补充亮氨酸显著降低了亮氨酸组被试运动后延迟性肌肉酸痛水平、大腿中段周长及血清CK-MM、Mb、CRP与血浆IL-6含量,而深蹲1-RM值、纵跳高度及膝关节ROM组间差异则并无统计学意义。结论：1）每千克体重150 mg剂量亮氨酸能够削弱抗阻运动所导致的骨骼肌损伤与疼痛,该效应可能与对炎症反应的抑制有关,且推测亮氨酸对骨骼肌蛋白质代谢平衡的调节作用在其中亦有贡献;2）该剂量亮氨酸不能明显促进工作肌机能恢复。  相似文献   

全身振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响研究     

罗炯  欧阳一毅 《武汉体育学院学报》2017,51(6):77-82

探讨全身性振动介入抗阻力训练对能量消耗的影响,为体重控制及健身减肥者制定有效的运动处方提供依据。方法：以我院体育教育专业健康男性为对象,利用气体代谢分析仪及心率表对"振动介入+抗阻力训练"（实验组,Resistance exercise+Vibration,REV）及单纯"抗阻力训练"（对照组,Resistance exercise, RE）模式下的摄氧及能量消耗等指标进行监测,并运用SPSS17.0对相关指标进行统计分析。结果：1）REV组在训练中及训练后0-25分、25-50分的总每分钟能量消耗及每分钟最大摄氧显著高于RE组;2）抗阻力训练结束后相当长的时间内以脂肪消耗供能为主,表现为REV组脂肪供能比例明显高于RE组;3）抗阻力训练能显著提升训练中呼吸交换率及换气量,表现为REV组提升率高于RE组。结论：全身性振动介入抗阻力训练可比单纯抗阻力增加更多能量消耗,且在训练后恢复期能提升脂肪供能比例,故控体重运动员及健身减肥者将振动作为辅助训练手段是非常有效的。  相似文献   

The power of circulation: digital technologies and the online Chinese fans of Japanese TV drama     

Kelly Hu 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2013,14(2):171-186

Focusing on the online Chinese fans of Japanese TV drama, this paper explores the way in which the fan subculture, in connection with digital technologies, has carved out alternative practices in the circulation, production and consumption of Japanese TV drama. As ‘minority audiences’ who are not targeted as the objects of capitalist interests, online Chinese fans invent spaces for Chinese transnational networking with self‐help and sharing, as a way of resisting the aloofness from marketing strategies of Japanese TV distributors in Asia. This case study reveals that the online Chinese fan clubs, the websites for downloads, pirated VCD markets, digital file conversion, and private VCD burning – all of these have linked endless networks for the digitalized circulation and consumption of Japanese TV drama. The online Chinese fans are guerrilla fighters in the politics of autonomy, network and low‐cost digital technology; they are attempting to break down time–space constraints and the official distribution hierarchy. Such fan practices shed light on the new trends of audio‐visual consumption via digitalization.  相似文献   

The ‘Non‐dit’ in the Zenana: representations of Muslim women in Islamic canonical texts,the neo‐colonial imagination and a feminist response from Bangladesh     

Syed Jamil Ahmed 《Inter-Asia Cultural Studies》2013,14(3):431-455

Abstract

This essay recognizes that representations of the ‘Muslim woman’ as the Othered ‘object’ of the ‘Western’ gaze and the domesticated ‘object’ which the Islamic apologists strive hard to defend, are both constructions and false antitheses of each other. It seeks not the ‘truth’ regarding the Muslim women in the world of social reality but to examine how various representations of the women are constructed and to what effects and consequences these representations are mobilized. The essay proceeds in three stages. The first stage shows how the patriarchy mobilizes the Qur’an and the Hadith in order to construct the woman as the negative, the inessential and the abnormal of the man so as to exert complete subordination over her. However, the very act of attempting to mute the woman in Islam is the most strident proof that she is engaged in resistance against patriarchal control and the degree of resistance must be judged by the degree of patriarchal control. The second stage demonstrates how patriarchy operates in colonial and neo‐imperial landscape: it legitimizes the appropriation of Muslim woman ‘possessed’ by the Other (as exemplified by the orientalist seduction fantasy in William Dalrymple’s The White Mughals), but, haunted by the fear of rape and anxieties regarding the sexuality of the White woman possessed by the Self, it attempts to maintain strict control over her (as in the cases of Miss Wheeler in the ‘Mutiny’ of 1857 and Private Jessica Lynch in the Iraq War). This struggle over the feminine body is perfectly in line with Islam’s hyper‐anxiousness to hide the female body and rigorously ensure monopolic possession over her. The third stage shows how Taslima Nasreen, a late‐20th century feminist from Bangladesh, speaks the unspoken and thereby attempts to subvert the normative representation of the muted women in her autobiographical novella, entitled āmār Meyebelā. In thus examining the representations of the Muslim women, this essay seeks an alternative ‘third space of enunciation’ and takes a distinct political stand located outside of the axis of the dichotomy of the ‘Western’ gaze and the construction of the Islamic theologians.  相似文献   

We make the road by walking together: New teachers and the collaborative and context-specific appropriation of shared social justice-oriented practices and concepts     

《Teaching and Teacher Education》2013

This study examined the work of a collaborative group of six new United States-based social studies teachers from the same social justice-oriented teacher education program (SJOTEP). Shared practices and concepts introduced previously in the SJOTEP were developed and appropriated to their classrooms and schools in consideration of the local context, through the collaborative problem-solving process of the group. It is argued that SJOTEPs and TEPs committed to issues of diversity, democracy, inclusion, and/or equity should be collaboration-based, teach a coherent and consistent social justice-focused curriculum, and provide post-graduation collaborative support and research it.  相似文献   

竞争情报系统监控引擎的研究与设计   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

宋振晖 《现代图书情报技术》2007,2(6):56-59

在对互联网情报采集存在的问题进行分析的基础上，设计具有监控设定、监控训练、搜索生成、情报搜索、情报过滤、情报分类、变化侦测、分发接口、情报网络、相关反馈等功能的一个监控引擎，可以满足进行持续情报搜索的、推式范式的、全生命周期的互联网竞争情报需求。  相似文献   

浅析发展中的中国体育经纪市场     

王华丽  宿建 《四川体育科学》2007,(2):7-9

随着我国体育事业的蓬勃发展,随着我国体育职业化道路的阔步前进,体育经纪必将发挥越来越大的作用。本文着重讨论了体育经纪的作用、我国体育经纪的状况,并针对我国体育经济的现状提出了解决我国体育经纪问题的策略要求。  相似文献   

减小体育测量误差的主要途径与方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

袁尽州 《西安体育学院学报》2004,21(5):63-64,87

根据体育测量的基本特点,综合地分析和探讨了影响体育测量误差的主要因素,提出了减小测量误差的主要途径有:选择科学的测试方法,严格控制测量的条件;调整与控制受试对象的身体机能状态、心理状态;测量的设计要科学;测验的组织、实施过程要规范;尽量增加样本量;根据测量指标的特点确定合理的重复测量次数和取值方式。  相似文献   

重金属胁迫对甘蓝型油菜叶绿素的影响     

刘燕  彭钟山  蒋光霞 《贵阳金筑大学学报》2007,(1)

研究了不同浓度Hg2 、Cd2 、Pb2 、Cr2 处理对甘蓝型油菜黔油12号、黔油14号、黔油18号叶绿素含量的影响。在Hg2 、Cd2 、Pb2 、Cr2 胁迫下,随着重金属浓度的增加,处理时间的延长,油菜叶绿素总量有下降趋势。三个油菜品种中,黔油18号对重金属耐受性最强,黔油14号耐受性最差。  相似文献