Reliability of horizontal force–velocity–power profiling during short sprint-running accelerations using radar technology     

Kim David Simperingham  John B. Cronin  Simon N. Pearson  Angus Ross 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(1):88-99

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The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia     

Georgina L. Kent  Brian Dawson  Lars R. McNaughton  Gregory R. Cox  Louise M. Burke  Peter Peeling 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(3):339-346

This investigation assessed the effect of dietary nitrate (NO₃^?) supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice (BR), on repeat-sprint performance in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. 12 male team-sport athletes (age 22.3 ± 2.6 y, VO_2peak 53.1 ± 8.7 mL.kg^?1.min^?1) completed three exercise trials involving a 10 min submaximal warm-up and 4 sets of cycling repeat-sprint efforts (RSE; 9 × 4 s) at sea level (CON), or at 3000 m simulated altitude following acute supplementation (140 mL) with BR (HYP_BR; 13 mmol NO₃^?) or NO₃^–depleted BR placebo (HYP_PLA). Peak (PPO) and mean (MPO) power output, plus work decrement were recorded during the RSE task, while oxygen consumption (VO₂) was measured during the warm-up. There were no significant differences observed between HYP_BR and HYP_PLA for PPO or MPO; however, work decrement was reduced in the first RSE set in HYP_BR compared with HYP_PLA. There was a moderate effect for VO₂ to be lower following BR at the end of the 10 min warm-up (ES = 0.50 ± 0.51). Dietary NO₃^? may not improve repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia but may reduce VO₂ during submaximal exercise. Therefore, BR supplementation may be more effective for performance improvement during predominantly aerobic exercise.  相似文献   

草根体育组织规范化发展研究——以我国跑团为例     

王相飞  蔡平原  延怡然 《武汉体育学院学报》2019,53(9):28-34

以我国草根组织中的典型组织——跑团为例,分析了我国跑团兴起的主要原因,发展过程中存在的问题：跑团内部机制不健全,治理方式滞后;缺乏稳定的社会资源;政府职能部门引导、扶持不力;相关的规章制度、法律不够完善;较难获得合法身份致使发展受阻,缺少主管单位监督和行业自律;跑团存在多种安全隐患;对于各种跑团社交软件及社交平台的管理不够。据此提出了对策：对跑团进行分级分类管理,充分发挥中国田协的指导与监督作用,政府部门不断完善跑步公共服务体系,加强跑团制度建设与规范管理,健全安全健康监管保障体系。  相似文献   

A novel sleep optimisation programme to improve athletes’ well-being and performance     

Emer Van Ryswyk  Richard Weeks  Laura Bandick  Michaela O’Keefe  Andrew Vakulin  Peter Catcheside 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(2):144-151

Objectives: To improve well-being and performance indicators in a group of Australian Football League (AFL) players via a six-week sleep optimisation programme. Design: Prospective intervention study following observations suggestive of reduced sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness in an AFL group. Methods: Athletes from the Adelaide Football Club were invited to participate if they had played AFL senior-level football for 1–5 years, or if they had excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS] >10), measured via ESS. An initial education session explained normal sleep needs, and how to achieve increased sleep duration and quality. Participants (n?=?25) received ongoing feedback on their sleep, and a mid-programme education and feedback session. Sleep duration, quality and related outcomes were measured during week one and at the conclusion of the six-week intervention period using sleep diaries, actigraphy, ESS, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Profile of Mood States, Training Distress Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Results: Sleep diaries demonstrated an increase in total sleep time of approximately 20?min (498.8?±?53.8 to 518.7?±?34.3; p?<?.05) and a 2% increase in sleep efficiency (p?<?0.05). There was a corresponding increase in vigour (p?<?0.001) and decrease in fatigue (p?<?0.05). Conclusions: Improvements in measures of sleep efficiency, fatigue and vigour indicate that a sleep optimisation programme may improve athletes’ well-being. More research is required into the effects of sleep optimisation on athletic performance.  相似文献   

Combined individual scrummaging kinetics and muscular power predict competitive team scrum success     

Andrew Green  Chloe Dafkin  Samantha Kerr  Warrick McKinon 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(8):994-1003

Scrummaging is a major component of Rugby Union gameplay. Successful scrummaging is dependent on the coordination of the forward players and the strength of the eight individuals. The study aim was to determine whether individual scrummaging kinetics and other candidate factors associated with scrummaging performance discriminate team scrum performances. Sixteen club-level forwards (stature: 1.80?±?0.1?m; mass: 99.0?±?18.2?kg) were initially divided into two scrummaging packs. A total of 10 various scrum permutations were tested, where players were randomly swapped between the two packs. Winning scrums were determined by two observers on opposite sides of the scrum. Fatigue (100?mm visual analogue scale (VAS)) and scrummaging effort (6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were assessed following each scrum contest. Individual scrummaging kinetics were acquired through an instrumented scrum ergometer and muscular power indicated through vertical jump heights. Student’s t-tests were used to differentiate between winning and losing scrum packs. VAS and RPE were assessed using repeated measures ANOVAs. Winning scrum packs had significantly larger combined force magnitudes (p?<?.002), regardless of the player contribution calculations. Additionally, winning packs had less individual movement (p?=?.033) and higher combined vertical jump heights (p?<?.001) but were not significantly heavier (p?=?.759) than losing scrum packs. While perceived VAS and RPE values progressively increased (p?<?.001), no differences in the individual scrum magnitudes were observed between the 1st and 10th scrum (p?=?.418). The results indicated that the combination of individual forces, variation in movement and factors related to scrummaging performance, such as vertical jump height, were associated with team scrummaging success.  相似文献   

Exploring the effects of substituting basketball players in high-level teams     

Miguel-Ángel Gómez  Roberto Silva  Alberto Lorenzo  Rasa Kreivyte  Jaime Sampaio 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):247-254

Substituting basketball players during competition is a key process to optimise collective performance. Available research on this topic is scarce, probably due to the difficulty in isolating these effects; thus, the aim of this study was to identify the temporal effects of substitutions in basketball (Spanish professional basketball league). The sample was composed of 1118 substitutions gathered from 21 basketball games. The analysed variables were coach-controlled (player and team’s personal fouls, player in and player out roles, player’s in and out minutes on-court and timeout situation); on-court (foul committed, free throws, 2- and 3-point field-goal effectiveness) and situational variables (scoreline, quality of opposition, game location and game quarter). The results showed positive scoring performances after the substitution for all the analyses. During the first quarter, there were significant effects for fouls committed, scoreline and game location after the substitution. The player’s out personal fouls, free-throw effectiveness, player in, minutes on-court player in, timeout situation and 3-point field-goal effectiveness were significant during the second quarter. The team’s personal fouls, game location, and scoreline were identified as important in the third quarter. The fourth quarter did not show significant effects on the independent variables. Current findings allow optimising coaches’ plans and team management of on-court and bench players throughout the game.  相似文献   

A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion     

Amanda Clacy  Natassia Goode  Rachael Sharman  Geoff P. Lovell  Paul M. Salmon 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(22):2232-2239

Broader contextual factors that influence concussion management have tended to be overlooked. To address this, the present study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify perceived responsibilities and applied strategies for three domains of concussion management (i.e., prevention, identification and treatment). Participants were 118 members of the community rugby union system in Australia (69.2% male). Participants from throughout the rugby system (e.g., players, parents, coaches, club management) were asked open-ended questions about their perceived responsibilities and the strategies they use for concussion management. It was found that (a) proper training, technique correction and education were recurrent prevention themes; (b) the majority of key stakeholders felt that they could consistently identify concussion; however, medical aids (medics) were the only system actors who stated a responsibility to use standardised concussion assessment measures and (c) less than one third of the respondents indicated their involvement in treating concussion. This study identifies specific junctures in the system that prevents effective concussion management strategies. A sociotechnical systems approach improves the understanding of concussion prevention, and management beliefs and behaviours.  相似文献   

高校高水平运动队心肺功能现状及训练对策思考   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓树勋  黄玉山  吴婵清 《广州体育学院学报》1999,(3)

如何保持高校高水平运动员的良好体能,取得优异成绩,是当前高校运动训练中亟待解决的问题,本文测试了高校若干项目高水平运动队员的心肺功能及有关指标,以了解其体能状况,供改进训练参考。研究结果表明,篮球高水平运动员在每搏量及纵跳两项指标较一般运动员强外,其它大多数指标并不具明显优势。篮球、足球、田径、排球、击剑项目间比较,除足球具明显优势外,其它项目的指标与常人相似,提示目前高校高水平运动员心泵功能并不理想。建议高校运动训练应加大体能训练比重,注重训练的质量;应增加比赛、建立高校水平运动队竟赛制度,并可定期进行生理功能、体能等测试。  相似文献   

优秀运动队和谐管理论略     

汤起宇  杨意民  彭芳菲 《武汉体育学院学报》2008,42(5):16-19

加强优秀运动队和谐管理,创建和谐优秀运动队是一项系统工程,它要求我们坚持"和谐哲学",变革管理观念,努力营造运动队团体文化,妥善处理运动队的各种人际关系(包括促进运动员个人心理的"自我和谐"),妥善处理和化解各种矛盾,同时坚持以章治队,周密制定并严格实施各项规章制度,不断激发运动队的团体活力,特别是创造性活力,为每位运动员营造公平竞争的和谐环境和良好平台,使大家保持平和的心态,促进整个运动队训练绩效和比赛成绩的持续提高.  相似文献   

国家队训练场(馆)标语设置理论、问题与策略   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

石岩  孙继龙 《体育科学》2008,28(11)

对国家队训练场(馆)标语进行理论研究,探讨其设置理论、问题与策略。研究表明,国家队训练场(馆)标语具有时空性和专项性特点,并以可视化载体形式对运动员实施目视管理;国家队训练场(馆)标语可按内容设置、作用和形式进行分类;国家队训练场(馆)标语设置的影响因素有语言、内容、形式和传播等;国家队训练场(馆)标语可以从有效性、创新性和简洁性等方面来进行评价;目前国家队训练场(馆)标语还存在个别标语内容失当与"不良标语"、标语形式化、标语使用过度和管理机制尚未完善等问题。其改进策略是:1)从语言学视角规范国家队训练场(馆)标语用词;2)从管理学视角加强国家队训练场(馆)标语的看板与目视管理作用;3)从传播学视角拓宽国家队训练场(馆)标语的传播途径;4)从广告学视角完善或改进国家队训练场(馆)标语设计与制作形式。  相似文献